How to Grow Amaranth in Ohio

Amaranth is an ancient grain that has been cultivated for thousands of years, prized for its nutritional value and adaptability. In Ohio, where the climate can vary significantly between regions, understanding how to grow amaranth effectively can lead to a rewarding gardening experience. This article will guide you through the essential steps needed to successfully grow amaranth in Ohio, covering everything from soil preparation to harvesting and storage.

Understanding Amaranth

Amaranth is a genus of plants that includes both grain and leafy varieties. The seeds of amaranth are gluten-free and high in protein, fiber, and essential amino acids. The leaves are also edible and can be used in salads or cooked like spinach. Given its versatility and resilience, amaranth is an excellent choice for home gardeners looking to diversify their crops.

Choosing the Right Variety

Before planting amaranth in Ohio, it’s important to select the right variety suited to your needs. Some popular varieties include:

• Grain Amaranth: Includes species like Amaranthus hypochondriacus, known for its high seed yield.
• Leafy Amaranth: Varieties such as Amaranthus tricolor are often grown for their tender, nutritious leaves.

Choose a variety based on whether you want to harvest seeds, leaves, or both.

Ideal Growing Conditions

Climate

Ohio experiences a temperate continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. Amaranth grows best in temperatures ranging from 70°F to 90°F. However, it’s worth noting that it can tolerate drought conditions once established.

Soil Requirements

Amaranth thrives in well-drained soils with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Conducting a soil test before planting is advisable to ensure your soil has the necessary nutrients:

• Organic Matter: Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to improve fertility.
• Drainage: Ensure your garden bed has good drainage; poorly drained soils can lead to root rot.

Planting Amaranth

Timing

In Ohio, the ideal time to plant amaranth is after the last frost date, typically between late May and early June. This timing allows the seeds to germinate and grow during the warm summer months.

Direct Seeding

1. Prepare the Soil: Clear any weeds and debris from your garden bed. Loosen the soil using a rake or tiller.

2. Sow Seeds: Plant seeds about ¼ inch deep and 12-18 inches apart in rows spaced about 2-3 feet apart.

3. Watering: Water immediately after planting to help the seeds settle into the soil. Keep the soil consistently moist until germination occurs, usually within 7-14 days.

4. Thinning Seedlings: Once seedlings reach about 4 inches tall, thin them out so that they are spaced about 12 inches apart. This promotes air circulation and reduces competition for nutrients.

Caring for Your Amaranth Plants

Watering

Amaranth is somewhat drought-tolerant but requires consistent moisture during its early growth stages. Water deeply but infrequently—aiming for about an inch of water per week including rainfall. Avoid overhead watering as wet leaves can promote fungal diseases.

Fertilization

While amaranth can grow in nutrient-poor soil, applying a balanced fertilizer will enhance growth:

• Use a nitrogen-rich fertilizer during early growth.
• Switch to a balanced fertilizer when flowering begins.

Weeding and Mulching

Regular weeding is essential during the early growth stages; young amaranth plants can be easily overwhelmed by weeds. Applying a layer of organic mulch around your plants can help suppress weed growth while retaining moisture in the soil.

Pest Management

Amaranth is generally pest-resistant but can attract aphids and beetles. Monitor your plants regularly:

• Aphids: Spray with a strong stream of water or use insecticidal soap if infestations occur.
• Beetles: Hand-picking or using organic pesticide options can help manage populations.

Harvesting Amaranth

When it comes time to harvest, knowing when to collect your crops is crucial for maximizing yield:

Grain Harvesting

For grain varieties:

1. Check for maturity when seed heads turn brown and begin to dry out.
2. Cut the seed heads off with scissors or shears.
3. Allow them to dry further indoors in a cool, dark place before threshing (removing seeds from heads).

Leaf Harvesting

For leafy varieties:

1. Begin harvesting leaves when they are young and tender (about 4-6 inches long).
2. Use scissors or shears to cut the outer leaves, allowing inner leaves to continue growing.

Post-Harvest Processing

Storing Seeds

Once harvested, store amaranth seeds in airtight containers placed in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight. Properly stored seeds can last several years.

Cooking with Amaranth

Amaranth seeds have a nutty flavor and can be cooked as a grain similar to quinoa or rice:

1. Rinse thoroughly before cooking.
2. Use a ratio of 2 cups water for every cup of seeds.
3. Bring water to boil, add seeds, reduce heat, cover, and simmer for about 20 minutes until water is absorbed.

The leaves can be used fresh or cooked like other leafy greens.

Conclusion

Growing amaranth in Ohio offers numerous benefits—from its nutritional value to its adaptability as a crop. With the right planning, care, and attention, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of this ancient grain that fits well into modern diets. Whether you choose to grow it for its leaves or seeds—or both—you’ll find that amaranth not only enhances your garden but also your culinary repertoire! Happy gardening!