Arugula, known for its peppery flavor and nutrient-rich profile, has gained popularity among home gardeners and chefs alike. Growing arugula in Missouri can be particularly rewarding due to the state’s favorable climate. This comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know about growing arugula, from selecting the right variety to harvesting your crops.
Arugula (Eruca sativa), also called rocket or roquette, is a leafy green that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It thrives in cooler conditions, making it a perfect crop for spring and fall gardening in Missouri’s temperate climate. Arugula is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as antioxidants and minerals, making it a healthy addition to salads and other dishes.
When growing arugula, selecting the right variety can make a significant difference. Here are some popular choices that do well in Missouri:
Choose a variety based on your taste preferences and culinary needs.
Arugula prefers cooler temperatures ranging from 45°F to 65°F. In Missouri, the best seasons for planting are early spring (March to April) and late summer (August to September). During these times, you can avoid the heat of summer that may cause the plant to bolt prematurely.
Arugula thrives in well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Aim for a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0. It’s beneficial to amend your garden soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting. This will not only improve soil structure but also provide essential nutrients.
Choose a location that gets at least 4-6 hours of sunlight daily. While arugula can tolerate partial shade, too little light may result in slower growth and less flavorful leaves.
If you plan on harvesting arugula young (baby greens), you can plant seeds closer together. For mature leaves, thin seedlings once they reach about 2 inches in height so they are spaced 4-6 inches apart.
Arugula needs consistent moisture but does not tolerate waterlogged conditions. Water deeply once or twice a week depending on rainfall; aim for about an inch of water per week during dry spells.
While arugula does not require heavy fertilization, a balanced organic fertilizer during planting can enhance growth. If growth appears stunted or yellowing occurs, consider side-dressing with compost or an organic fertilizer high in nitrogen.
Weeds can compete with your arugula plants for nutrients and water. Regularly check your garden beds, especially when the seedlings are young. Utilizing mulch can help suppress weeds while retaining soil moisture.
Common pests include aphids, flea beetles, and caterpillars. To control pests organically:
Arugula is generally resistant to many diseases but can be susceptible to downy mildew or leaf spot under humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation around plants by spacing them adequately and avoid overhead watering to minimize disease risk.
You can begin harvesting arugula as soon as the leaves are large enough to eat—usually within 3-4 weeks after sowing for baby greens, or around 6-8 weeks for mature leaves.
Use scissors or garden shears to cut leaves just above the base of the plant. This practice encourages new growth from the center of the plant, allowing you to harvest multiple times throughout the growing season.
Freshly harvested arugula should be rinsed gently in cool water and dried thoroughly before storing. Keep it in a plastic bag or container in the refrigerator for up to one week.
Despite your best efforts, you might encounter some challenges while growing arugula:
Growing arugula in Missouri is an achievable goal for both novice and experienced gardeners alike. With proper planning regarding variety selection, timing, soil preparation, and care techniques, you can enjoy an abundant harvest of this nutritious green all season long. Whether used in salads, sandwiches, or as a garnish on your favorite dishes, homegrown arugula will surely elevate your culinary creations while adding health benefits to your diet. Happy gardening!