How to Grow Arugula in New Hampshire

Arugula, also known as rocket or roquette, is a leafy green that belongs to the mustard family. Its peppery flavor and nutrient-rich profile make it a favorite among home gardeners and chefs alike. Growing arugula in New Hampshire can be both rewarding and straightforward if you understand the specific climate conditions and cultivation methods required. In this article, we will explore the essentials of successfully growing arugula in New Hampshire, from selecting the right variety to harvesting and storing your crop.

Understanding Arugula

Arugula is a cool-season crop that thrives in moderate temperatures, making it suitable for the spring and fall growing seasons in New Hampshire. This leafy green is relatively easy to grow and can be harvested multiple times throughout its growth cycle. Arugula seeds germinate quickly and typically produce harvestable leaves within 30 to 40 days, making it an excellent choice for beginner gardeners.

Choosing the Right Variety

When selecting arugula seeds, it’s essential to consider the variety that best suits your needs and local conditions. Some popular varieties include:

• Wild Arugula (Diplotaxis tenuifolia): This variety has a stronger flavor than standard arugula and is known for its resilience.
• Astro: A fast-growing variety with a milder taste, ideal for salads.
• Rocket: A classic arugula variety that produces robust leaves with a peppery kick.

Choose organic seeds when possible to avoid chemicals that can hinder plant growth. Additionally, you can find seeds specially adapted for New England climates that ensure robust growth.

Timing Your Planting

In New Hampshire, timing is crucial for successful arugula cultivation. Here’s how to plan your planting schedule:

Spring Planting

1. Soil Temperature: Wait until soil temperatures reach at least 40°F, which typically occurs in early to mid-April.
2. Frost Dates: Arugula can tolerate light frosts but is sensitive to hard freezes. Aim to plant early enough so the young plants can establish themselves before summer heat sets in.

Fall Planting

1. Late Summer Sowing: For a fall crop, sow seeds from mid-August to early September. This allows the plants to mature before the first expected frost.
2. Protective Covering: Consider using row covers or cold frames if you want to extend your growing season into late fall.

Preparing the Soil

Healthy soil is fundamental for successful arugula growth. Here’s how to prepare your garden bed:

1. Location: Select a site that receives full sun for at least six hours daily. However, partial shade is acceptable during hotter months to prevent bolting.
2. Soil Quality: Arugula prefers well-draining, loamy soil rich in organic matter. Conduct a soil test to determine pH and nutrient levels; arugula thrives in slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0).
3. Amendments: Before planting, amend your soil with compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage.

Sowing Seeds

Once your soil is prepared, it’s time to sow your seeds:

1. Depth: Plant arugula seeds about ¼ inch deep.
2. Spacing: Space seeds about 1-2 inches apart in rows that are 12-18 inches apart.
3. Watering: After sowing, water gently but thoroughly to ensure good seed-to-soil contact without washing away the seeds.

Watering Needs

Consistent moisture is crucial during germination and early growth stages:

1. Frequency: Water your arugula regularly, keeping the soil consistently moist but not soggy.
2. Methods: Use a soaker hose or drip irrigation system if possible; this minimizes water on the leaves and reduces disease risk.
3. Signs of Stress: Watch for signs of wilting or yellowing leaves—these can indicate either under-watering or over-watering.

Fertilization

While arugula doesn’t require heavy fertilization, providing adequate nutrients will help boost growth:

1. Initial Fertilization: Mix in a balanced fertilizer (like 10-10-10) into the soil at planting.
2. Side Dressing: Apply additional fertilizer when plants are about 4 inches tall if growth appears slow or if leaves start yellowing.

Pest Control

Pests can pose challenges when growing arugula:

1. Common Pests: Watch out for aphids, flea beetles, and caterpillars that may target your plants.
2. Natural Remedies: Use insecticidal soap or neem oil as organic treatments; introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs can also help control pests naturally.
3. Row Covers: Use floating row covers to protect seedlings from pests without restricting sunlight.

Managing Weeds

Weeds compete with arugula for nutrients and water:

1. Mulching: Apply organic mulch around your plants to suppress weed growth while maintaining moisture levels.
2. Hand Weeding: Regularly check for weeds and remove them by hand; be gentle around young arugula plants to avoid disturbing their roots.

Harvesting Arugula

Knowing when and how to harvest is key for enjoying fresh arugula:

1. Timing: Begin harvesting leaves when they reach at least 3-4 inches in length—typically about 30 days after sowing.
2. Methods: Use scissors or shears to snip off outer leaves (allowing inner leaves to continue growing) or harvest entire plants at the base if you’re ready for a complete cut.
3. Frequency: You can harvest every few weeks if conditions allow; continual harvesting encourages more leaf production.

Storing Your Harvest

To maximize freshness after harvesting:

1. Immediate Cooling: Rinse harvested leaves under cool water and immediately place them in an ice bath for several minutes.
2. Drying: Pat dry using paper towels or salad spinners before storage.
3. Refrigeration: Store arugula in perforated plastic bags in the crisper drawer of your refrigerator where it will remain fresh for up to five days.

Conclusion

Growing arugula in New Hampshire offers gardeners an opportunity to enjoy this nutritious leafy green with minimal effort and quick rewards. By understanding the local climate conditions, preparing your soil adequately, managing pests effectively, and following proper harvesting techniques, you can cultivate delicious arugula throughout the spring and fall months.

With these tips in hand, you’re well-equipped to start your own arugula garden! Whether you’re enhancing salads or adding pizzazz to gourmet dishes, homegrown arugula promises diverse culinary possibilities right from your backyard garden—enjoy!