How to Grow Arugula in Virginia

Arugula, known for its peppery flavor and distinct taste, has gained popularity among home gardeners and chefs alike. This leafy green, also known as rocket or rucola, is a versatile addition to salads, sandwiches, and various dishes. If you’re based in Virginia and looking to cultivate your own arugula, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the process from selecting the right variety to harvesting your greens.

Understanding the Growing Conditions for Arugula

Climate and Temperature

Virginia’s climate varies significantly from the coastal plains to the mountainous regions. However, arugula thrives best in cooler temperatures, making spring and fall ideal seasons for planting. The optimal temperature range for growing arugula is between 45°F to 65°F. In hotter months, arugula can bolt (flower) quickly, leading to a bitter taste.

Soil Requirements

Arugula prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter. A pH level of 6.0 to 7.0 is ideal for optimal growth. To prepare your soil:

• Conduct a soil test to determine pH and nutrient levels.
• Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility.
• Ensure good drainage by mixing in sand or perlite if your soil is heavy or clay-like.

Sunlight Needs

While arugula can tolerate partial shade, it grows best in full sun conditions. Aim for at least 4 to 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. In very hot conditions, providing some afternoon shade can help prevent bolting.

Choosing the Right Arugula Variety

There are several varieties of arugula available, each offering different flavors and textures. Here are a few popular ones suitable for Virginia gardens:

• Wild Arugula: This variety has a more intense flavor and is often more heat tolerant.
• Astro: Known for its smooth leaves and mild taste, making it versatile for culinary uses.
• Sylvetta: A wild type that offers a spicier profile; it is also slower to bolt compared to other varieties.

Choose a variety that suits your taste preferences and local growing conditions.

Planting Arugula

Timing Your Planting

In Virginia, you can plant arugula two times a year:

• Spring Planting: Sow seeds outdoors as soon as the soil can be worked, usually around late March to early April.
• Fall Planting: For a second harvest, plant seeds in late summer (late August to early September) for a fall crop.

Seed Sowing Techniques

1. Direct Sowing:
2. Space rows about 12 inches apart.
3. Sow seeds about ¼ inch deep and thinly (1 inch apart).

4. Cover lightly with soil and water gently.

5. Transplanting:

6. Start seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost date (usually early March).
7. Transplant seedlings outdoors when they reach 2-3 inches tall after hardening off.

Watering

Consistent moisture is crucial for arugula’s growth. Water your plants regularly, especially during dry spells. Avoid overhead watering which can promote fungal diseases; instead, use drip irrigation or water at the base of the plants.

Maintenance and Care

Weeding

Regular weeding is essential as weeds compete with your arugula for nutrients and water. Use mulch around your plants to suppress weeds and retain moisture.

Fertilization

Although arugula does not require heavy fertilization, an application of a balanced fertilizer at planting time can boost growth. Consider using organic options like fish emulsion or compost tea every few weeks during the growing season.

Pest Management

Arugula can attract pests such as aphids and flea beetles. To manage these pests:

• Introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs that feed on aphids.
• Use floating row covers in early spring to protect young seedlings from pests.
• Regularly inspect your plants for signs of infestation and remove any affected leaves promptly.

Harvesting Arugula

Arugula grows quickly; you can start harvesting leaves as soon as they are large enough to eat—typically within 30 days after sowing seeds. When harvesting:

• Use scissors to cut leaves just above the base of the plant rather than pulling them out by hand.
• Harvest outer leaves first; this encourages continued growth from the center of the plant.

For best flavor, harvest leaves in the morning when they are crisp and most flavorful. You’ll find that younger leaves are milder while older leaves will have a stronger peppery taste.

Storing Your Harvest

Once harvested, arugula should be stored properly to maintain its freshness:

1. Refrigeration: Store unwashed arugula in a plastic bag or airtight container in the crisper drawer of your refrigerator.
2. Use Within Days: For best flavor and texture, consume arugula within 3-5 days after harvesting.
3. Washing: Rinse leaves thoroughly under cold water before using them but wait until just before use to wash them—this helps keep them fresh longer.

Tips for Success

1. Continuous Planting: To enjoy fresh arugula throughout the season, consider staggered planting every two weeks until mid-summer or early fall.

2. Bolting Awareness: Watch for signs of bolting (i.e., tall flower stalks). If you notice this happening due to rising temperatures, consider removing affected plants or re-sowing in a shadier spot.

3. Companion Planting: Pair arugula with crops like tomatoes or peppers that benefit from similar growing conditions while maximizing space.

Conclusion

Growing arugula in Virginia can be rewarding whether you’re an experienced gardener or just starting out. With its fast growth rate and minimal maintenance needs, this leafy green is perfect for those looking to enhance their home garden’s diversity and flavor profile. By understanding its growing conditions and following proper care techniques, you can enjoy fresh arugula straight from your garden throughout the growing season. Happy gardening!