Growing begonias can be a rewarding endeavor, especially in a state like Minnesota where the climate can present unique challenges. Known for their vibrant flowers and lush foliage, begonias are a favorite among gardeners. This article will guide you through the essentials of growing begonias in Minnesota, from selecting the right variety to care tips that will ensure your plants thrive.
Begonias belong to the genus Begonia, which includes over 1,800 species and countless hybrids. They are characterized by their ornamental leaves and beautiful flowers, which can be found in various colors including pink, red, white, and yellow. The most common types of begonias grown include:
In Minnesota’s varying climate zones—ranging from Zone 3 to Zone 5—selecting the right begonia variety is crucial. Here are some recommendations:
Begonia x tuberhybrida (Tuberous Begonias): These are ideal for containers and hanging baskets. They thrive in well-drained soil and require moderate watering.
Begonia semperflorens (Wax Begonias): Perfect for borders or mass plantings, wax begonias tolerate partial shade and bloom continuously throughout the summer.
Begonia boliviensis: Known for its trailing habit and vibrant flowers, this type performs well in hanging baskets and provides a spectacular display.
When selecting your begonia varieties, consider your specific growing conditions—sun exposure, soil type, and space availability.
Begonias prefer well-draining soil that retains moisture without becoming soggy. Here’s how to prepare your soil:
Testing Soil pH: Ideally, begonias thrive in slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0). You can purchase a soil testing kit or send a sample to a local extension office.
Amending the Soil: If your soil is too alkaline, amend it with organic materials like compost or peat moss. This not only helps lower the pH but also improves soil structure.
Drainage: Ensure that your planting area has good drainage. If necessary, create raised beds or add sand to enhance drainage capabilities.
In Minnesota’s climate, providing an optimal environment for begonias involves controlling temperature and light exposure.
Begonias are sensitive to frost. Therefore:
Start Indoors: In Minnesota, it’s best to start begonias indoors about 8-10 weeks before the last expected frost date (usually mid-April).
Hardening Off: Before transplanting outdoors, gradually acclimate your plants by hardening them off. Start by placing them outside for a few hours each day in increasing time increments over a week.
Most begonia varieties prefer bright but indirect sunlight. Direct sunlight can scorch their leaves:
Indoor Placement: Place indoor begonias near east or north-facing windows where they receive filtered light.
Outdoor Placement: Choose partially shaded areas when planting outdoors, particularly during the hottest parts of the day.
Once your plants are hardened off and your soil is prepared, it’s time to plant!
Spacing: Depending on the variety you choose, space your begonias 6 to 18 inches apart. Tuberous begonias may require more space for their larger blooms.
Planting Depth: For tuberous begonias, plant the tuber with the “eye” facing up, just below the surface of the soil. For fibrous-rooted types, simply bury them at the same depth they were growing in their pots.
Water Thoroughly: After planting, water thoroughly until moisture reaches deep into the soil.
Watering is critical for begonia success:
Frequency: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. In Minnesota’s summer heat, you may need to water every few days—especially for container-grown plants.
Method: Use a soaker hose or drip irrigation system if possible; this minimizes water on foliage which can lead to fungal diseases.
Signs of Overwatering/Underwatering: Crinkled leaves may indicate underwatering while yellowing leaves could signify overwatering.
Fertilization encourages strong growth and abundant blooms:
Type of Fertilizer: Select a balanced fertilizer (like 10-10-10) or one formulated specifically for flowering plants.
Frequency: Apply fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season using a diluted solution.
Timing: Begin fertilizing once your plants have established roots and are showing signs of active growth (usually by late spring).
Like all plants, begonias can suffer from pests and diseases:
Aphids: Small insects that can cause leaf distortion; remove them with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Spider Mites: Thrive in dry conditions; increase humidity around plants and use miticides if necessary.
Powdery Mildew: Often occurs in humid conditions; improve air circulation around your plants and apply fungicides if needed.
Root Rot: Caused by overwatering; ensure good drainage to prevent this disease.
As temperatures drop in Minnesota during winter months:
Indoor Transition: Bring container-grown begonias indoors before temperatures fall below 50°F.
Storage for Tuberous Varieties: If you’ve grown tuberous begonias outdoors, dig up tubers after frost has blackened leaves—clean them off gently and let them dry before storing them in a cool, dark place until spring.
Light During Winter Months: Provide adequate light through grow lights or south-facing windows during winter months if keeping indoors.
Growing begonias in Minnesota is entirely achievable with proper care and attention to their unique needs relative to local conditions. By selecting appropriate varieties, preparing your soil diligently, ensuring proper watering practices, managing pests effectively, and providing winter care, you can enjoy these beautiful plants throughout the growing season—and beyond! With patience and diligence, your garden will burst into color with these stunning blooms as soon as spring arrives!