Growing calendula, often referred to as pot marigold, is a rewarding experience for both novice and experienced gardeners. Its vibrant blooms and versatility make it an excellent choice for gardens across the United States, including Missouri. This article will guide you through the steps needed to successfully cultivate calendula in Missouri’s unique climate.
Calendula (Calendula officinalis) is an annual flowering plant known for its bright orange and yellow flowers. It belongs to the Asteraceae family and thrives in various conditions. Besides being aesthetically pleasing, calendula has medicinal properties and can be used in culinary dishes. The flowers are often utilized in herbal remedies, skin care products, and teas.
Missouri experiences a humid continental climate characterized by hot summers and cold winters. Understanding these climatic conditions is crucial for successful calendula cultivation.
Calendula thrives in cooler temperatures but can tolerate heat if provided adequate moisture. In Missouri, the optimal temperature for growing calendula is between 60°F and 70°F (15°C – 21°C).
In Missouri, the last frost date typically falls between late April to early May, while the first frost date is around mid-October. Planting your calendula at the right time will help them avoid the vulnerability of frost.
The success of your calendula plants begins with proper soil preparation.
Calendula prefers well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Sandy loam or loamy soils work best for this plant. If your soil is heavy clay or too sandy, consider amending it with compost or peat moss to improve structure.
The ideal soil pH for calendula ranges from 6.0 to 7.0. You can test your soil’s pH using a home testing kit available at garden centers. If adjustments are necessary, you can lower pH levels by adding sulfur or raise them by adding lime.
Before planting, till the soil to a depth of about 12 inches (30 cm) to break up compacted areas and enhance drainage. Incorporate organic matter like compost into the soil to improve fertility.
Once your soil is prepared, it’s time to plant your calendula seeds.
In Missouri, you can sow calendula seeds directly into the ground after the danger of frost has passed in late April or early May. Alternatively, you can start seeds indoors about 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date.
After planting, water the seeds lightly but consistently to keep the soil moist (but not soggy) until germination occurs—this usually takes about 7-14 days.
Proper care will ensure healthy growth and abundant blooms.
Calendula requires regular watering but does not tolerate waterlogged soil. Aim for about an inch of water per week during dry spells. It’s best to water early in the morning or late in the evening to minimize evaporation.
While calendulas are not heavy feeders, applying a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) every 4-6 weeks during their growing season can provide essential nutrients and enhance blooming.
Regularly check for weeds around your calendula plants as they compete for nutrients and moisture. Hand-pulling weeds is often sufficient; however, be careful not to disturb the roots of your calendulas.
Calendulas are relatively pest-resistant but may occasionally attract aphids or spider mites. If you notice these pests:
Once your calendula plants start blooming, you can enjoy their beauty while also harvesting them for culinary or medicinal uses.
Harvest calendula flowers when they are fully open but before they begin to wilt or fade. Early morning is often the best time as flowers are fresh and full of moisture.
Using clean scissors or shears, cut flowers just above the leaves without damaging the plant itself. This method encourages further blooming throughout the growing season.
While calendulas are typically grown as annuals, they may survive mild winters in certain areas of Missouri with proper care.
Applying a layer of mulch around the base of your plants can help insulate their roots during colder months. Use straw, wood chips, or shredded leaves as mulch material.
Cut back stems after flowering has ceased in late fall; this reduces disease risks over winter and prepares them for new growth in spring.
Growing calendula in Missouri can be a satisfying endeavor that offers beauty along with practical benefits for health and culinary use. By following these guidelines regarding climate considerations, soil preparation, planting methods, maintenance care, harvesting techniques, and overwintering strategies, you can cultivate vibrant blooms that thrive in local conditions. Whether you’re looking to enhance your garden’s aesthetics or explore their various uses, calendulas are an excellent choice that will delight throughout their growing season.