Chamomile is a beloved herb, renowned for its calming properties and fragrant flowers. If you’re a Minnesota gardener looking to cultivate this delightful plant, you’ll be pleased to know that chamomile can thrive in a variety of conditions, even in the northern climates. In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about growing chamomile in Minnesota, from choosing the right variety to harvesting your flowers.
There are two main types of chamomile: German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile).
German Chamomile is an annual plant that grows 1-2 feet tall and produces larger flowers. It prefers cooler weather, making it an excellent choice for Minnesota’s climate.
Roman Chamomile, on the other hand, is a perennial that grows lower to the ground and has a more creeping habit. It is less hardy than German chamomile but can still be grown in Minnesota with proper care.
For most home gardeners in Minnesota, German chamomile is the preferred choice due to its adaptability and the abundance of flowers it produces.
Minnesota is part of USDA hardiness zones 3 to 5, which means that many plants can thrive here if they are chosen wisely. Chamomile flourishes best in cooler temperatures and does well during the spring and early summer months. The key is to ensure that they are planted at the right time to take advantage of these conditions.
Chamomile prefers well-drained sandy or loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Good drainage is essential as chamomile does not like “wet feet.” If your garden soil has poor drainage, consider amending it with compost or planting chamomile in raised beds.
Chamomile thrives in full sun, meaning it needs at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. Choose a sunny spot in your garden where the plants will receive ample light throughout the growing season.
In Minnesota, the best time to plant chamomile is after the last frost date, typically around late May. You can either start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before this date or sow them directly into the garden once soil temperatures reach around 70°F.
If you choose to start seeds indoors:
Once seedlings have two sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted outside after hardening off for about a week.
To sow seeds directly outdoors:
Ensure that you space your seeds about 12 inches apart to allow for proper air circulation and growth.
Chamomile plants prefer moderate watering – too much moisture can lead to root rot, while too little can stress the plants. A general rule is to water deeply once a week during dry spells, ensuring that the top inch of soil remains moist but not soggy.
Chamomile does not require heavy fertilization due to its resilience; however, you can apply a balanced organic fertilizer at planting time for an extra boost. Avoid excessive nitrogen as it may lead to lush foliage but few flowers.
Regular weeding is essential as chamomile grows slowly at first and may be outcompeted by weeds. Applying organic mulch around your plants can help suppress weed growth while retaining moisture in the soil.
Chamomile is relatively pest-resistant; however, it can still attract aphids and spider mites. If infested, you can wash them off with water or apply insecticidal soap as needed.
Fungal diseases are more problematic in humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation around your plants by spacing them appropriately and avoid overhead watering to minimize humidity on leaf surfaces.
The best time to harvest chamomile flowers is when they are fully open but before they begin to drop their petals. This will usually occur in mid-summer when flowering peaks.
To preserve your freshly harvested flowers:
Chamomile has numerous uses beyond its aesthetic appeal:
Growing chamomile in Minnesota is both rewarding and relatively straightforward with proper planning and care. By understanding the specific requirements for this herb—from ideal planting conditions to harvesting techniques—you can enjoy abundant yields of delightful flowers all summer long. Whether you’re using it for herbal teas or simply enjoying its presence in your garden, chamomile will surely bring joy and tranquility into your Minnesota home!