How to Grow Chamomile in New Jersey

Chamomile, with its delicate flowers and soothing aroma, has long been cherished for its medicinal properties and culinary uses. For gardeners in New Jersey, cultivating chamomile can be both a rewarding and enjoyable experience. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about growing chamomile in the Garden State.

Understanding Chamomile Varieties

Chamomile primarily comes in two varieties: German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile).

• German Chamomile is an annual plant, renowned for its high yield and robust flavor. It grows tall, reaching heights of 12 to 24 inches.
• Roman Chamomile is a perennial that forms low-growing mats and can be used as a ground cover. Its flowers are similar but tend to have a more intense fragrance.

While both varieties are suitable for tea and herbal remedies, German chamomile is more commonly grown due to its ease of cultivation and prolific flower production.

Ideal Growing Conditions

Climate

New Jersey’s temperate climate provides a favorable environment for chamomile growth. The state experiences distinct seasons, with cold winters and warm summers. Chamomile thrives best in zones 3 to 9, making it well-suited for most regions of New Jersey.

Soil Requirements

Chamomile prefers well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Sandy loam or loamy soil is ideal, with a pH level ranging from 6.0 to 7.0. To prepare your soil:

1. Test the Soil: Use a soil testing kit to determine pH levels and nutrient content.
2. Amend the Soil: If the soil is too acidic, add lime; if it’s too alkaline, incorporate sulfur. Adding compost or well-rotted manure can also boost nutrient levels.

Sunlight

Chamomile flourishes in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Aim for at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth.

Planting Chamomile

When to Plant

In New Jersey, the best time to sow chamomile seeds is in early spring after the last frost (typically late April). You can also sow seeds in late summer (August to September) for a fall harvest.

Sowing Seeds

You have two planting options: direct sowing into the garden or starting seeds indoors.

Direct Sowing

1. Prepare the Beds: Clear any weeds and debris from your planting area.
2. Sow Seeds: Scatter seeds on the surface of the soil and lightly press them down, but do not cover them completely—chamomile seeds need light to germinate.
3. Water Gently: Use a fine mist or watering can to moisten the soil without washing away the seeds.

Starting Indoors

1. Use Seed Trays: Fill trays with seed-starting mix.
2. Sow Seeds: Plant seeds on the surface and lightly press them down.
3. Provide Warmth: Keep the trays in a warm location (around 70°F) until germination occurs.
4. Transplanting: Once seedlings have two true leaves and are sturdy enough (about 4-6 weeks old), harden them off before transplanting outdoors.

Spacing

If direct sowing, space your plants about 8-12 inches apart to allow for optimal air circulation and growth. For indoor seedlings, thin them out after they develop their true leaves.

Watering and Fertilization

Chamomile requires consistent moisture but does not like to sit in wet soil. Here are some tips on watering:

• Water Regularly: During dry spells, water deeply but infrequently—aim for about once a week.
• Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around your plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Fertilization

Chamomile is relatively low-maintenance when it comes to fertilizers. If your soil is well-amended with compost before planting, additional fertilization may not be necessary:

• For nutrient-deficient soils, use a balanced organic fertilizer at half strength every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.

Pest Control and Maintenance

Chamomile is generally pest-resistant, but it can occasionally attract aphids or spider mites. Here’s how to keep pests at bay:

• Regular Monitoring: Check plants regularly for signs of pests.
• Natural Predators: Encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs that prey on aphids.
• Neem Oil Spray: If infestations occur, use neem oil as an organic pesticide.

Maintaining proper air circulation by avoiding overcrowding can also help prevent fungal diseases such as powdery mildew.

Harvesting Chamomile

Chamomile flowers are typically ready for harvest when they are fully open but still fresh—usually about 8 weeks after sowing. Here’s how to effectively harvest:

1. Pick Flowers: Use scissors or snips to cut only the flower heads; avoid taking any foliage.
2. Timing: Harvest during dry days when dew has evaporated, which helps prevent mold during drying.

Drying Chamomile Flowers

Drying your harvested chamomile flowers preserves their flavor and aroma for later use. Here’s how:

1. Air Drying: Gather flowers into small bunches and hang them upside down in a dark, dry area with good air circulation.
2. Dehydrator Method: Alternatively, you can use a food dehydrator set at low temperatures (95°F – 115°F).
3. Storage: Once dried completely (they should feel crisp), store flowers in glass jars away from light and heat.

Using Chamomile

Chamomile has a wide range of uses:

• Herbal Tea: Steep dried flowers in hot water for soothing tea.
• Skincare: Infuse in oils or creams for skin irritation relief.
• Aromatherapy: Use dried flowers in sachets or potpourri for calming scents.

Conclusion

Growing chamomile in New Jersey is an enriching experience that yields delightful results whether you enjoy its tea benefits or its aromatic qualities. By providing suitable growing conditions, proper care, and timely harvesting techniques, you can successfully cultivate this lovely herb right in your backyard. Embrace the beauty of your garden while enjoying the numerous benefits that come with chamomile cultivation!