How to Grow Cherries in Arizona

Growing cherries in Arizona can be a rewarding gardening endeavor. With the right knowledge and preparation, you can cultivate these delicious fruits even in the arid climate of the Southwest. This article will guide you through the essentials of cherry cultivation, including choosing the right varieties, soil preparation, planting techniques, care, and harvesting.

Understanding Cherry Varieties

When considering cherry trees for your Arizona garden, it’s crucial to select varieties that thrive in warmer climates. The two main types of cherries are sweet cherries and sour cherries.

Sweet Cherries

Sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium) are typically more challenging to grow in Arizona due to their chilling requirements. However, some varieties have been developed that require fewer chill hours and can tolerate warmer climates.

• ‘Bing’: A popular sweet variety that produces large, dark red cherries.
• ‘Lapins’: A self-pollinating sweet cherry that is known for its hardiness and productivity.
• ‘Stella’: Another self-pollinator that produces large, juicy cherries and is suitable for warmer areas.

Sour Cherries

Sour cherries (Prunus cerasus) are generally more adaptable to varying climates and have lower chilling hour requirements than sweet cherries.

• ‘Montmorency’: The most common sour cherry variety, known for its bright red fruit and tart flavor.
• ‘Meteor’: A hardy sour cherry cultivar that can withstand colder temperatures while still producing fruit in warmer areas.

Choosing the right variety is crucial for successful cultivation in Arizona’s unique climate.

Soil Preparation

Healthy soil is vital for successful cherry cultivation. Here’s how to prepare your soil:

Soil Testing

Before planting, conduct a soil test to determine pH and nutrient levels. Cherry trees prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH levels (6.0-7.0). Based on the soil test results, you may need to amend your soil.

Amendments

Add organic matter such as compost or aged manure to improve soil structure and nutrient content. If your soil is alkaline (above pH 7.0), consider adding elemental sulfur or peat moss to lower the pH.

Drainage

Since cherry trees do not like soggy roots, ensure proper drainage in your planting area. If your native soil retains too much moisture, consider planting in raised beds or mounds.

Planting Cherry Trees

Once your soil is prepared, it’s time to plant:

When to Plant

The best time to plant cherry trees in Arizona is during late winter or early spring, typically between February and April. This timing allows the roots to establish before the heat of summer arrives.

Planting Steps

1. Dig a Hole: Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper than the tree’s root system.
2. Positioning: Place the tree in the center of the hole so that the graft union (the swollen area where the root stock meets the scion) sits just above ground level.
3. Backfill: Fill in with native soil while ensuring there are no air pockets.
4. Watering: Water thoroughly after planting to help settle the soil around the roots.

Spacing

When planting multiple cherry trees, ensure adequate spacing—typically 20-30 feet apart—to allow for proper airflow and sunlight exposure.

Watering and Fertilizing

Proper watering and fertilization are key components of cherry tree care:

Watering Practices

Cherry trees need consistent moisture, especially during their first few years of growth. Follow these watering guidelines:

• Frequency: Water young trees deeply once a week during dry spells, ensuring that water penetrates at least 12 inches into the soil.
• Drought Tolerance: Once established (usually after 2-3 years), cherry trees become more drought-tolerant but still need regular watering during extreme heat.

Fertilization

Cherry trees benefit from a balanced fertilizer:

• Apply a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in early spring as new growth begins.
• Avoid over-fertilizing; too much nitrogen can lead to excessive leaf growth at the expense of fruit production.

Pruning Cherry Trees

Regular pruning helps maintain tree health and encourages fruit production:

Timing

The best time to prune cherry trees is during late winter or early spring while they are still dormant.

Techniques

1. Remove Dead or Diseased Wood: Always start by removing any dead or diseased branches.
2. Shape the Tree: Aim for an open center structure that allows sunlight penetration and air circulation.
3. Thin Out Branches: Remove any crowded branches to ensure adequate space between them for optimal growth.

Pest and Disease Management

Pests and diseases can affect cherry trees if not managed properly:

Common Pests

• Aphids: These insects can sap strength from young trees. Control them with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
• Cherry Fruit Flies: Monitor for adult flies using traps and apply appropriate insecticides as needed.

Diseases

• Brown Rot: A fungal disease that affects blossoms and fruit; prevent it by maintaining good air circulation through pruning.
• Powdery Mildew: Can be controlled with fungicides if identified early; proper pruning also helps prevent this issue.

Regular monitoring for pests and diseases ensures that interventions can be made promptly.

Harvesting Cherries

The moment you’ve been waiting for—harvesting your cherries!

When to Harvest

Cherries are typically ready for harvest when they have reached full color (dark red for sweet cherries) and when they detach easily from their stems with a gentle twist.

Picking Tips

1. Wear gloves to protect your hands from stains.
2. Use scissors or pruning shears for clean cuts rather than pulling them off.
3. Harvest early in the morning when temperatures are cooler; this helps preserve freshness.

Conclusion

Growing cherries in Arizona is feasible with careful planning and attention to detail. By selecting appropriate varieties, preparing your soil adequately, ensuring proper watering, fertilization, pruning, pest management, and harvesting methods, you can enjoy home-grown cherries right from your garden. Despite Arizona’s challenging climate conditions, with dedication and knowledge, anyone can develop a thriving cherry orchard that contributes succulent fruit to their culinary adventures!