How to Grow Chrysanthemum in Georgia

Chrysanthemums, commonly known as mums, are a beloved flower throughout Georgia and the broader southeastern United States. Their vibrant colors and unique shapes make them a favorite among gardeners and landscapers alike. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of growing chrysanthemums in the Georgian climate, covering everything from soil preparation to pest management.

Understanding Chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums belong to the Asteraceae family and are native to Asia and northeastern Europe. They bloom in various colors, including yellow, pink, white, red, and purple. The blooming period typically occurs from late summer to fall, making them an excellent choice for extending the gardening season. The plants can range from compact varieties that are perfect for pots to towering plants that work well in borders.

Types of Chrysanthemums

Before planting, it’s essential to understand the different types of chrysanthemums available:

1. Garden Mums: These are hardy varieties that thrive outdoors in gardens.
2. Florist Mums: Often grown in greenhouses, these varieties are popular for cut flowers but require more care.
3. In-ground Perennials: These types can survive winter and return each year if cared for correctly.

For Georgia gardeners, garden mums are typically the best choice due to their resilience and adaptability to the local climate.

Choosing the Right Location

Sunlight Requirements

Chrysanthemums thrive in full sunlight; hence they should be planted in an area that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. In Georgia’s typically warm climate, morning sun with some afternoon shade can help protect the plants from extreme heat.

Soil Conditions

Chrysanthemums prefer well-drained soil rich in organic matter. The soil pH should ideally be between 6.0 and 6.8. To prepare your garden bed:

1. Test the Soil: Use a soil test kit to check pH levels and nutrient content.
2. Amend as Needed: If the soil is too acidic or alkaline, you can amend it using lime or sulfur respectively.
3. Add Organic Matter: Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to improve drainage and fertility.

Planting Chrysanthemums

Timing

The best time to plant chrysanthemums in Georgia is in the spring after the last frost has passed or in early fall. This timing allows plants enough time to establish roots before winter if planted in fall.

Planting Process

1. Spacing: When planting garden mums, space them about 18 to 24 inches apart to allow for air circulation and growth.
2. Planting Depth: Dig a hole deep enough for the root ball and make sure not to bury the crown of the plant, as this can lead to rot.
3. Watering: Water thoroughly after planting to ensure that the soil settles around the roots.

Caring for Your Chrysanthemums

Watering

Chrysanthemums require consistent moisture but do not tolerate soggy conditions. Water your plants deeply once a week, increasing frequency during hot spells or drought conditions. Mulching around the base can help retain moisture while suppressing weeds.

Fertilization

Feed your chrysanthemums with a balanced fertilizer high in phosphorus (the middle number on fertilizer packaging) to encourage blooming and healthy growth. Apply fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season until mid-summer. Avoid fertilizing too late in the season as it may encourage new growth that could be damaged by frost.

Pruning

Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and more blooms:

• Pinch back tips of new growth during early summer (June) when the plants reach about six inches tall.
• Continue pinching back until early July for fuller plants.
• Remove dead flowers (deadheading) regularly during blooming season to promote additional flowering.

Pest and Disease Management

Chrysanthemums are generally hardy but can face challenges from pests and diseases:

Common Pests

1. Aphids: These small insects suck sap from leaves; control them with insecticidal soap.
2. Spider Mites: Look for webbing on leaves; increase humidity around plants or use miticides if necessary.
3. Slugs and Snails: Handpick or use traps; consider using iron phosphate baits as well.

Common Diseases

1. Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as white powdery spots on leaves; ensure good airflow around plants and avoid overhead watering.
2. Root Rot: Often caused by overwatering; ensure proper drainage and avoid planting in soggy conditions.

Winter Care for Chrysanthemums

In Georgia’s relatively mild winters, many chrysanthemum varieties can survive with minimal protection:

1. Mulching: Apply mulch around the base of plants before winter temperatures drop significantly.
2. Cutting Back: After a hard frost, cut back stems to about four inches above ground level.
3. Protective Cover: In particularly cold areas, consider covering plants with burlap or frost cloth during severe cold snaps.

Propagating Chrysanthemums

If you’re looking to expand your chrysanthemum garden or share with friends, propagation is relatively straightforward:

1. Division: In spring or fall, dig up established plants and divide them into sections ensuring each section has roots.
2. Cuttings: Take stem cuttings from healthy parents during mid-summer; place them in water or moist soil until they root.

Conclusion

Growing chrysanthemums in Georgia can be a rewarding experience that brightens any garden with its colorful blooms during late summer and autumn. With proper planning—choosing the right variety, ensuring optimal growing conditions, diligent care throughout the growing season, and managing pests—you can create a stunning display of these beautiful flowers year after year. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out with your green thumb, chrysanthemums are an excellent addition that celebrates both your gardening efforts and Georgia’s rich horticultural traditions.