Chrysanthemums, commonly known as mums, are a favorite among gardeners for their stunning blooms and resilience. With their vibrant colors and diverse shapes, these flowers brighten up gardens in Maryland from late summer into fall. If you’re looking to cultivate these beautiful plants in your Maryland garden, this comprehensive guide will help you understand the essentials of growing chrysanthemums successfully.
Chrysanthemums belong to the Asteraceae family and come in various species and cultivars. They are perennial plants that thrive well in most environments, making them an excellent choice for gardeners of all levels. Mums typically bloom in shades of yellow, orange, red, pink, white, and purple, offering a plethora of choices for aesthetic appeal.
When selecting chrysanthemums for your garden in Maryland, consider the following varieties that perform particularly well in the region:
In Maryland, the best time to plant chrysanthemums is during the spring or early summer (April to June). This timing allows the plants to become established before the cooler temperatures of fall set in. Avoid planting too late in the season as chrysanthemums require time to root firmly before winter.
Chrysanthemums thrive best in areas with full sunlight. Choose a location that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. Additionally, ensure that the area has good air circulation to prevent mold growth and disease.
Mums prefer well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Before planting:
Preparing the Soil: Loosen the soil with a garden fork or tiller to a depth of at least 12 inches. Mix in compost to enrich the soil.
Digging Holes: Space the holes about 18 to 24 inches apart for larger varieties; smaller varieties can be planted closer together.
Planting: Remove the mums from their pots and gently loosen any tightly bound roots. Place them in the holes at the same depth they were growing in their pots. Fill in around the roots with soil and lightly tamp it down.
Watering: After planting, water thoroughly to help settle the soil around the roots.
Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch (like shredded bark or straw) around each plant to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Chrysanthemums prefer consistently moist soil but do not like soggy conditions. During dry spells or hot summer months, water your plants once or twice a week depending on rainfall.
To determine if watering is necessary:
– Stick your finger about an inch into the soil; if it feels dry, it’s time to water.
Fertilize your chrysanthemums twice during the growing season:
1. Early Spring: Use a balanced fertilizer (like a 10-10-10 formula) when new growth begins.
2. Mid-Summer: Apply a second round of fertilizer when buds start forming.
Be mindful not to over-fertilize, as this can result in excessive foliage growth at the expense of blooms.
To encourage bushier growth and more blooms:
– Pinch back growing tips when stems reach 6 inches tall.
– Continue pinching back until mid-July. This practice will promote branching and increase flower production when fall arrives.
After blooming finishes in late fall, cut back dead stems but leave about 3 inches above ground level for winter protection. Clean up any fallen leaves or other debris around your plants to prevent pests and diseases.
In Maryland’s climate, chrysanthemums can survive winter if given proper care:
Mulching: Apply a thicker layer of mulch after hard frosts have set in but before snowfall; this helps insulate roots against cold temperatures.
Covering Plants: Consider using burlap or fabric covers during extremely cold spells.
Dividing: Every three to four years, divide clumps to rejuvenate plants and promote blooming.
While chrysanthemums are generally resilient, they can face several pests and diseases:
If you plan on using chrysanthemums as cut flowers:
1. Cut stems in the morning when temperatures are cooler for better hydration.
2. Use sharp scissors or shears to avoid damaging stems.
3. Place stems immediately into water, keeping them cool until you arrange them.
Growing chrysanthemums in Maryland is not only rewarding but also enhances your garden’s aesthetics with stunning blooms throughout fall. By following these guidelines on selection, planting, care, and maintenance, you’ll be well on your way to creating a thriving mum display that will dazzle neighbors and passersby alike! Whether you’re looking for vibrant colors or fragrant blooms, chrysanthemums can bring joy to your garden year after year—embrace their beauty today!