Currants, both red and black, are delicious berries that thrive in a variety of climates, making them a great addition to any garden. While traditionally more popular in European gardens, they have found a niche in the United States, including the diverse climates of Kansas. This article will guide you through the essential steps for successfully growing red and black currants in Kansas, from site selection to harvesting.
Before diving into the specifics of growing currants, it’s important to understand what these berries are. Currants belong to the genus Ribes and can be categorized primarily into three types: red, black, and white. Red currants are known for their tartness and bright color, while black currants offer a richer flavor and are often used in jams and culinary dishes.
Currants prefer well-draining soil rich in organic matter. They thrive in slightly acidic to neutral pH levels (around 6.0 to 7.0). Before planting, conduct a soil test to determine its pH and nutrient levels. If your soil is too alkaline or lacks nutrients, amendments like compost or peat moss can help create the ideal environment.
Choose a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day. While currants can tolerate some shade, they will produce better yields in full sun. However, extreme heat during the hottest part of the day can lead to sunburned fruit, so providing some afternoon shade can be beneficial.
Currant bushes can grow quite large; therefore, ensure adequate spacing between plants. Aim for about 3-4 feet between each bush which allows for sufficient air circulation and reduces the risk of disease.
When choosing currant varieties for your Kansas garden, consider both red and black types:
‘Jellybean’: A compact variety with sweet fruit suitable for small gardens.
Black Currants:
Select varieties based on your taste preference and intended use (fresh eating or processing).
The best time to plant currants in Kansas is in early spring after the last frost date or in late fall when the plants are dormant. Spring planting allows for a longer growing season before winter sets in.
Currant bushes need consistent moisture, especially during their first year of growth. Water them weekly during dry spells or if rainfall is less than one inch per week. Once established, they are moderately drought tolerant but perform best with regular moisture.
In early spring, apply a balanced fertilizer or an organic option such as compost around the base of each bush. Avoid over-fertilizing as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of fruit production.
Pruning is essential for maintaining healthy currant plants:
Currants are generally resistant to many pests and diseases but can still face challenges:
Regular inspections of your plants will help you catch issues early on.
Currants typically begin producing fruit within two years after planting. The harvest timeframe varies depending on your local climate conditions but generally occurs from mid-summer (June-July) for red currants and slightly later for black currants.
Gently pull clusters from branches by hand or use scissors for larger bunches. Avoid damaging branches as this may affect future yields.
Growing red and black currants in Kansas can be a rewarding endeavor that provides delicious fruits for years to come. With proper site selection, planting techniques, care routines, and pest management strategies, you’ll enjoy bountiful harvests from your backyard garden. Remember to enjoy not only the fruits but also the satisfaction of cultivating your own crops!