Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a stunning biennial or short-lived perennial flower that captivates gardeners with its tall spikes adorned with tubular blooms. Known for its striking appearance and medicinal properties, foxglove can be a great addition to your garden in Missouri. Whether you are a novice gardener or a seasoned pro, this guide will help you understand how to grow and care for foxglove in the Show-Me State.
Before you dive into planting, it’s essential to understand the characteristics of foxglove. These plants are known for their height, which can range from 2 to 5 feet, and their distinctive flowers that bloom from late spring to early summer. The trumpet-shaped flowers come in various colors, including purple, pink, and white.
Foxglove thrives in well-draining soil rich in organic matter. It’s crucial to note that while foxglove can tolerate some drought conditions once established, they prefer moist environments, especially during their growing phase. In Missouri’s climate, which ranges from humid subtropical to continental, understanding local temperatures and rainfall patterns will help you determine the best planting strategy.
There are several varieties of foxglove available, and choosing the right one will depend on your garden’s specific conditions:
Opt for disease-resistant varieties if you’re worried about local pests or diseases that affect foxgloves.
Growing foxglove from seeds requires patience but can be rewarding:
In Missouri, starting seeds indoors 8–10 weeks before the last frost date (typically around mid-April) is recommended. This gives your plants a head start before they are transplanted outdoors.
Purchase high-quality seeds from a reliable supplier. Seed packets usually contain information on germination rates and growing conditions specific to the variety.
Use a seed-starting mix that provides excellent drainage. Fill your seed trays or pots with this mix and moisten it before sowing your seeds.
Scatter the seeds on top of the soil mix; do not bury them as they require light to germinate. Lightly press them into the soil, then mist with water to keep the soil moist.
Place your seed trays in a warm location with indirect sunlight. Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Germination usually occurs within 14–21 days.
Once your seedlings have developed at least two sets of true leaves and outdoor temperatures are consistently above freezing (after mid-April), it’s time to transplant them into your garden.
Before transplanting directly into your garden beds, harden off your seedlings by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a week or two. Start with a couple of hours each day and slowly increase exposure time.
Choose a location that receives partial shade to full sun (at least 4-6 hours of sunlight per day). Prepare the soil by tilling it and mixing in organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage.
Dig holes that are slightly larger than the root ball of each seedling, spacing them about 12–18 inches apart to allow for airflow and growth. Carefully place each seedling in its hole, backfill with soil, and water thoroughly.
Once established, caring for your foxglove plants will ensure they thrive and produce those iconic flowers.
Regular watering is essential during dry spells, especially while the plants are still young. Aim for consistent moisture but avoid over-watering as this can lead to root rot. Once established, foxgloves are relatively drought-tolerant but will benefit from additional watering during prolonged dry periods.
Foxgloves typically do well in nutrient-rich soil; however, applying a balanced fertilizer every few weeks during the growing season can boost flower production. Consider using an organic fertilizer for an eco-friendly approach.
Applying a layer of mulch around the base of your plants helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Organic mulches like wood chips or straw also decompose over time, adding nutrients back into the soil.
While foxgloves are generally hardy plants, they may be susceptible to certain pests and diseases:
Pests: Aphids and spider mites can sometimes infest foxgloves. Regularly inspect your plants for any signs of infestation and apply insecticidal soap if necessary.
Diseases: Fungal diseases like powdery mildew can occur in humid conditions or overcrowded plantings. Ensure proper air circulation by spacing plants adequately and avoid overhead watering late in the day.
Foxgloves naturally self-seed, allowing them to return each year without additional effort on your part. However, if you want to propagate them intentionally:
Division: After a few years of growth (usually after flowering), you can divide clumps of established plants in early spring or fall.
Seed Collection: Collect seeds from spent flower spikes once they turn brown and dry out. Store them in a cool, dry place until you’re ready to plant again next season.
In Missouri’s colder months, it’s essential to prepare your foxgloves for winter:
Growing foxglove in Missouri can be an incredibly rewarding experience that adds beauty and color to your garden landscape. By following these guidelines—selecting suitable varieties, providing proper care, managing pests effectively, and preparing for seasonal changes—you’ll enjoy these majestic blooms year after year. Whether you’re looking to attract pollinators or create stunning floral arrangements, cultivating foxglove can enhance both your garden’s aesthetic appeal and its ecological value. Happy gardening!