How to Grow Haskap (Honeyberry) in Minnesota

Haskap, commonly referred to as honeyberry, is a hardy, deciduous shrub that produces sweet, tangy berries resembling blueberries. Originating from the cold regions of Asia and Russia, haskap is well-suited for Minnesota’s climate. This article will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to grow and care for haskap in Minnesota, ensuring a fruitful harvest season after season.

Understanding Haskap

Before diving into the growing process, it’s essential to understand what haskap is and why it’s an excellent choice for Minnesota gardeners.

Origins and Characteristics

Haskap plants belong to the Lonicera family, specifically Lonicera caerulea var. edulis. They produce elongated, blue berries that typically ripen in late spring or early summer. Beyond their delicious taste, these berries are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making them a healthy addition to any diet.

Cold Hardiness

One of the key advantages of growing haskap in Minnesota is its cold hardiness. Most varieties can withstand temperatures as low as -40°F (-40°C), making them perfect for the harsh winters in this region. They thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-8, which encompasses almost all of Minnesota.

Selecting the Right Varieties

Choosing the right haskap varieties is crucial for successful cultivation. Here are some popular varieties suited for Minnesota:

• Berry Blue: Known for its large berries with a sweet flavor and good yields.
• Blue Moon: This variety is early-ripening and produces medium-sized berries.
• Tundra: A vigorous plant that offers fantastic fruit quality and high yields.

For optimal pollination, it’s recommended to plant at least two different varieties within proximity to enhance berry production.

Site Selection and Preparation

Choosing the Right Location

Haskap prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Select a site that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. Additionally, ensure that the location offers good air circulation to minimize disease risks.

Soil Requirements

Haskap thrives in well-draining, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Before planting:

1. Conduct a soil test to determine pH levels and nutrient content.
2. Amend soil as necessary with organic matter such as compost to improve drainage and fertility.
3. Create raised beds if your soil retains too much water.

Preparing the Planting Bed

Clear the area of weeds and debris before planting. Tilling the soil will help aerate it and allow root systems to grow effectively. Aim for planting beds that are at least 3 feet wide for proper spacing between plants.

Planting Haskap

Best Time to Plant

The ideal time for planting haskap in Minnesota is in early spring after the last frost or in late fall before the ground freezes. This timing allows plants to establish their roots before extreme weather conditions arrive.

Spacing Your Plants

When planting haskap shrubs:

• Space them 3 to 4 feet apart for optimal growth.
• Ensure there’s enough space between rows (5-6 feet) for easy maintenance and harvesting.

Planting Process

1. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper than the plant’s original root depth.
2. Place the plant in the hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil.
3. Backfill with soil while gently tamping down to eliminate air pockets.
4. Water thoroughly after planting to establish moisture around the roots.

Care and Maintenance

Watering

Adequate moisture is crucial during the establishment phase (the first two years). Water regularly during dry spells, especially during fruit development periods:

• Aim for about 1 inch of water per week.
• Use mulch around your plants to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.

Fertilization

In early spring, apply a balanced fertilizer (like a 10-10-10 NPK) that dissolves slowly over time. Follow manufacturer guidelines for application rates based on your soil quality and plant size.

Pruning

Pruning encourages healthy growth and maximizes yields:

• Conduct light pruning during late winter or early spring when plants are still dormant.
• Remove any dead or damaged branches while maintaining an open center for air circulation.

Pest Management

While haskap is relatively pest-resistant compared to other berry bushes, you should monitor your plants regularly:

• Look out for aphids or spider mites; if detected, use insecticidal soap or neem oil treatments as needed.
• Birds may be attracted to ripe berries; netting can deter them from feasting on your harvest.

Harvesting Haskap Berries

When to Harvest

Haskap berries typically ripen between late May and early June in Minnesota. The berries will turn a deep blue color when they are ready for picking – usually about 1–3 weeks after they begin changing color.

How to Harvest

Harvesting can be done by hand or using small containers:

1. Gently twist or pull berries from the stems; be careful not to damage nearby fruit clusters.
2. Collect ripe berries daily or every few days to ensure maximum freshness.

Post-Harvest Processing

Once harvested, haskap berries can be consumed fresh or processed into jams, jellies, wines, or baked goods:

1. Rinse gently under cool water.
2. Store in refrigeration if consuming fresh or freeze if preserving longer-term.

Conclusion

Growing haskap (honeyberry) in Minnesota can be incredibly rewarding due to its cold hardiness and deliciously nutritious fruits. With proper site selection, care, and attention to detail throughout each stage of growth, you’ll enjoy abundant harvests year after year.

Whether you choose to relish them fresh off the bush or transform them into flavorful preserves, haskap berries are sure to become a beloved addition to your gardening endeavors! Happy gardening!