How to Grow Hazelnuts in Florida

Growing hazelnuts in Florida may seem like a daunting task, particularly because these trees thrive best in temperate regions. However, with the right knowledge and techniques, you can successfully cultivate these delicious nuts even in the warm climate of the Sunshine State. This article will guide you through every step of the process, from selecting the right varieties to planting and maintaining your hazelnut trees.

Understanding Hazelnut Varieties

Hazelnuts, or filberts, are native to Europe and Asia, and they prefer temperate climates. In Florida, it is crucial to select varieties that can withstand warmer temperatures. Some varieties to consider include:

• Barcelona: This is one of the most common cultivars, known for its high yields and good quality nuts.
• Tonda di Giffoni: A popular Italian variety that produces large, sweet nuts.
• Ennis: Another high-yielding variety that can adapt reasonably well to warmer climates.

When choosing a variety, ensure that it is suitable for your specific location in Florida. Considerations should include soil type, humidity levels, and temperature fluctuations.

Site Selection and Preparation

Choosing the Right Location

Hazelnuts require well-drained soil with plenty of sunlight. A south-facing slope is ideal as it provides adequate drainage and warmth. The area should be sheltered from harsh winds and should receive at least six hours of direct sunlight per day.

Preparing the Soil

Before planting your hazelnuts, test your soil for pH levels, which should ideally range from 6.0 to 7.0. If your soil is too acidic or alkaline, you may need to amend it.

1. Soil Amendments: Incorporate organic matter such as compost or aged manure to improve soil structure and nutrient content.
2. Drainage: Ensure that the area has good drainage to prevent root rot. If the soil is heavy clay, consider raised beds or mounds.

Planting Hazelnut Trees

When to Plant

The best time to plant hazelnut trees in Florida is during the late winter or early spring when the risk of frost has passed.

Planting Process

1. Spacing: Space your trees about 15 feet apart to allow for proper air circulation and sunlight penetration.
2. Digging Holes: Make holes that are twice as wide and as deep as the root ball of the tree.
3. Transplanting: Place the tree in the hole and backfill with soil, ensuring that the graft union (if applicable) is above ground level.
4. Watering: Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil around the roots.

Watering and Fertilization

Watering Needs

Young hazelnut trees require consistent moisture during their first few years of growth. However, overwatering can lead to root rot:

• Frequency: Water once a week during dry spells.
• Deep Watering: Ensure deep watering rather than frequent shallow watering to encourage deep root growth.

Fertilization Schedule

Fertilize hazelnut trees with a balanced fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in early spring:

• First Year: Use a slow-release fertilizer at half the recommended rate.
• Subsequent Years: Increase fertilization gradually based on growth performance.

Pruning Hazelnut Trees

Pruning is essential for maintaining healthy growth and maximizing nut production:

1. Timing: The best time to prune is late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
2. Techniques:
3. Remove any dead or diseased branches.
4. Thin out crowded areas for better air circulation.
5. Shape the tree into an open vase formation to allow light penetration.

Proper pruning will enhance yield and make harvesting easier.

Pest and Disease Management

Common Pests

Hazelnuts can be susceptible to certain pests, including:

• Filbert Worms: These larvae feed on developing nuts; use insecticidal soap or neem oil for control.
• Aphids: They can cause leaf curl; control them with insecticidal soap or by introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs.

Common Diseases

Some diseases may affect hazelnut trees, including:

• Corylus Canker: This fungal disease affects branches; prune out infected areas immediately.
• Powdery Mildew: Manage this disease by ensuring good air circulation through pruning and avoid overhead watering.

Regular monitoring will help you detect problems early on.

Harvesting Hazelnuts

When to Harvest

Hazelnuts are typically ready for harvest in late summer to early fall when they turn from green to brown:

1. Check if the husks start separating from the nuts; this indicates ripeness.
2. Harvest during dry weather for better quality nuts.

Harvesting Techniques

You can either shake the branches gently or use nets beneath them to catch falling nuts. After harvesting:

1. Remove husks quickly for better storage quality.
2. Cure nuts in a cool, dry place for a couple of weeks before storing them in airtight containers.

Storage Tips for Hazelnuts

Proper storage ensures that your harvested nuts remain fresh:

• Store hazelnuts in a cool, dark place.
• For longer storage periods (more than 6 months), consider freezing them.

Conclusion

Growing hazelnuts in Florida may present some challenges due to climatic differences compared to their native environments; however, with careful planning and management practices tailored for local conditions, you can cultivate healthy hazelnut trees that yield delicious nuts year after year. Starting with appropriate varieties, providing proper site preparation, maintaining consistent care through watering and pruning, managing pests and diseases effectively, and harvesting at the right time will lead you on your journey towards a successful hazelnut harvest in Florida. Happy gardening!