Growing kiwi in Wisconsin might seem like a challenge due to the state’s cold winters, but with the right hardy varieties and proper care, you can cultivate this delicious fruit successfully. Hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta), often referred to as Arctic kiwi or baby kiwi, can thrive in USDA hardiness zones 3-9, making them an excellent choice for gardeners in Wisconsin. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about growing hardy kiwi, from selecting the right varieties to planting and caring for your plants.
Hardy kiwis are distinct from the more common fuzzy kiwis (Actinidia deliciosa) primarily found in grocery stores. Hardy varieties produce smooth-skinned fruit that resembles grapes in size and texture. They are sweeter than their fuzzy counterparts and can be eaten whole without peeling.
When choosing kiwi varieties for your Wisconsin garden, consider the following hardy options:
Be sure to select both male and female plants if you want to ensure pollination since hardy kiwis are dioecious (having separate male and female plants).
Kiwi vines thrive in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Select a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of sunlight daily. Avoid areas with heavy clay soil or poor drainage; well-drained sandy or loamy soil is ideal.
Before planting kiwi, test your soil pH. The optimal range for kiwi is between 5.5 and 7.0. Amend your soil as necessary by adding organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure. This will help improve soil structure and fertility.
Kiwi vines require sturdy support structures, such as trellises or fences, to grow effectively. These structures should be at least 5-7 feet tall, allowing the vines enough vertical space to thrive.
The best time to plant hardy kiwi is in early spring after the last frost date when soil temperatures reach about 55°F.
Once established, kiwi vines require ongoing care to produce healthy fruit.
Kiwi plants need regular watering during their growing season—especially during hot summer months. Aim for consistent moisture but avoid soggy conditions that can lead to root rot. As a rule of thumb, water deeply once a week unless there has been sufficient rainfall.
Feed your kiwi vines with a balanced fertilizer every spring as new growth begins. Look for fertilizers high in potassium and phosphorus to encourage flowering and fruit production.
Proper pruning is essential for maintaining vine health and maximizing fruit production. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins:
While hardy kiwis are generally resistant to pests, keep an eye out for common issues such as aphids or spider mites. Regularly inspect leaves for signs of infestation and treat early with insecticidal soap if necessary.
Hardy kiwis typically begin producing fruit within 2-4 years after planting. The fruits ripen in late summer to early fall, depending on the variety and local climate.
To determine when your kiwis are ready for harvest:
Harvest the fruits carefully by twisting them off the vine rather than pulling them, which could damage both the plant and surrounding fruit.
In Wisconsin’s cold climate, protecting your hardy kiwis during winter is crucial:
Growing hardy kiwi in Wisconsin is not only possible but rewarding! With diligent care and attention, you’ll enjoy harvesting sweet fruits from your own backyard orchard year after year. Remember to select appropriate varieties suited for colder climates, prepare your soil properly, and ensure adequate support as your kiwi vines grow tall and fruitful. Embrace this unique gardening challenge and treat yourself to homegrown goodness that’s often hard to find elsewhere! Happy gardening!