How to Grow Kohlrabi in Maine

Kohlrabi, also known as turnip cabbage, is a unique vegetable that belongs to the Brassica family, which includes cabbage, broccoli, and kale. Known for its crispy texture and mild flavor, kohlrabi can be eaten raw or cooked. This article will provide you with an in-depth guide on how to grow kohlrabi in Maine, considering the state’s specific climate and growing conditions.

Understanding Kohlrabi

Before delving into the growing process, it’s essential to understand what kohlrabi is. Kohlrabi forms a bulbous stem that is edible, typically growing above the soil. The leaves of kohlrabi are also edible and can be used in salads or cooked like other greens. The vegetable comes in two primary varieties: purple and green, both offering similar tastes with slight variations in appearance.

Choosing the Right Varieties

Selecting the right variety of kohlrabi is crucial for successful cultivation in Maine’s climate. Consider these popular varieties:

1. White Vienna: A classic choice with a mild flavor; it matures quickly.
2. Purple Vienna: This variety features a striking purple exterior while maintaining a white interior; it’s great for fresh consumption.
3. Kolibri: A hybrid variety that is known for its sweetness and resistance to bolting.

When choosing seeds or transplants, opt for those that are well-suited to cooler climates.

Ideal Growing Conditions

Climate and Temperature

Maine’s climate varies from coastal areas to inland regions, but generally, it has cold winters and relatively short growing seasons. Kohlrabi thrives in cooler temperatures between 50°F and 85°F. In Maine, you can plant kohlrabi for both spring and fall harvests:

• Spring Planting: Start seeds indoors in late winter (February to March) and transplant them outdoors after the last frost (late April to early May).
• Fall Planting: Direct sow seeds outdoors in mid to late summer (July to August) for a late fall harvest.

Soil Requirements

Kohlrabi prefers well-drained, loamy soil rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for kohlrabi is between 6.0 and 7.0. To prepare your soil:

1. Test Soil pH: Use a home testing kit or send a sample to a local extension service.
2. Amend Soil: Based on your soil test results, add lime to raise pH or sulfur to lower it as necessary.
3. Add Organic Matter: Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into your soil to improve fertility.

Sunlight

Kohlrabi requires full sun for optimal growth, which means at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. When selecting your planting site, look for areas that receive ample sunlight, especially if you’re planting during Maine’s shorter growing season.

Planting Kohlrabi

Starting Seeds Indoors

If you’re starting seeds indoors:

1. Fill seed trays or pots with seed-starting mix.
2. Plant seeds about half an inch deep.
3. Water gently but thoroughly.
4. Keep the trays in a warm area (around 70°F) until germination occurs (about 7-14 days).
5. Once seedlings develop two true leaves, thin them so they are spaced about 2 inches apart before transplanting.

Direct Sowing Outdoors

To direct sow seeds outdoors:

1. Prepare your garden bed by loosening the soil and incorporating organic matter.
2. Create rows spaced 12-18 inches apart.
3. Sow seeds about half an inch deep and thin seedlings to maintain 6-8 inches of space between each plant once they reach a few inches in height.

Watering and Fertilization

Kohlrabi requires consistent moisture but doesn’t thrive in waterlogged conditions:

• Watering: Aim to provide about an inch of water per week, either through rainfall or supplemental irrigation. Adjust based on weather conditions—more during hot spells and less if there’s been significant rainfall.

• Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer when planting. You can use a nitrogen-rich fertilizer when plants are about six inches tall to promote leafy growth.

Pest Control

While kohlrabi is relatively pest-resistant, there are some common pests you should monitor:

• Cabbage Worms: These green caterpillars can munch on leaves; hand-picking or using organic insecticides can help control them.
• Aphids: These small insects can accumulate on leaves; spraying with a strong jet of water often dislodges them.
• Flea Beetles: Small holes in the leaves may indicate flea beetle infestations; consider using row covers during seedlings’ early growth stages.

Regular inspection of your plants will help you catch any infestations early before they become problematic.

Harvesting Kohlrabi

The timing of your harvest significantly affects the flavor and texture of kohlrabi:

• Harvest kohlrabi when bulbs are about 3-6 inches in diameter, typically around 6-10 weeks after sowing.
• If left too long, kohlrabi can become woody and bitter.
• Use a sharp knife or garden shears to cut the bulb just above the ground level.

Both the bulb and leaves are edible; if you choose to harvest leaves simultaneously, do so sparingly so that the plant continues to grow.

Storing Kohlrabi

Freshly harvested kohlrabi can be stored for several weeks under proper conditions:

• Remove any excess dirt while being careful not to damage the bulbs.
• Store bulbs unpeeled in a cool place (around 32°F) with high humidity—like a root cellar or refrigerator crisper drawer.
• The leaves should be consumed within a week for optimal freshness but can be stored similarly if wrapped tightly.

Conclusion

Growing kohlrabi in Maine is not only feasible but also rewarding due to its unique flavor profile and versatility in dishes. By understanding its specific needs regarding climate, soil conditions, watering habits, pest management, and harvesting techniques, you’ll be able to cultivate this delicious vegetable successfully.

Whether you’re experienced with gardening or just starting out, kohlrabi is an excellent addition to your home garden that can contribute fresh produce during Maine’s growing season. Happy gardening!