Nasturtiums are vibrant, fast-growing annuals that add a splash of color to gardens and landscapes. Known for their unique, rounded leaves and bright flowers, these plants are not only visually appealing but also edible. Native to South America, nasturtiums thrive particularly well in California’s temperate climate. This article will guide you on how to successfully grow nasturtium in California, covering everything from planting to maintenance.
Before diving into the planting process, it’s essential to choose the right type of nasturtium for your garden. There are two main types:
Tall Nasturtiums: These varieties can grow up to 10 feet tall and are excellent for climbing structures or as a backdrop in your garden. Popular tall varieties include ‘Jewel Mix’ and ‘Alaska.’
Dwarf Nasturtiums: Typically growing between 12 to 18 inches tall, these are perfect for borders or containers. Notable dwarf varieties include ‘Tom Thumb’ and ‘Whirlybird Mix.’
When selecting a variety, consider your garden’s layout and the available space for growth.
Nasturtiums thrive in a Mediterranean climate, which is characteristic of much of California. They prefer cooler temperatures but can tolerate the heat of summer if given enough water. In regions with intense heat, it’s best to plant them in areas that receive partial shade during the hottest parts of the day.
Nasturtiums prefer well-draining soil rich in organic matter. A pH level between 6.0 and 7.0 is optimal for their growth. Soil amendments like compost can help improve fertility and drainage if your soil is heavy or clay-like.
These plants love sunlight! Aim for at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth. However, in hotter climates, consider providing some afternoon shade to prevent wilting.
In California, nasturtium seeds can be planted directly into the ground after the last frost date, usually from late March through early June depending on your specific region. For an earlier start, you can also sow seeds indoors about 4-6 weeks before the last frost date.
Prepare the Bed: Clear weeds and debris from the planting area and loosen the soil to a depth of about 12 inches.
Sow Seeds: Sow seeds about 1 inch deep and about 10-12 inches apart for tall varieties; dwarf varieties can be spaced closer together (about 8-10 inches apart).
Water Gently: After planting, water the area gently to avoid displacing seeds.
Thin Seedlings: Once seedlings emerge (in about 7-14 days), thin them out by removing weaker plants until they’re spaced correctly.
Nasturtiums prefer consistent moisture but do not like soggy soil. Water them deeply once or twice a week, depending on rainfall and temperature conditions. During particularly hot spells, monitor the soil moisture more frequently; however, avoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot.
Nasturtiums are low-maintenance when it comes to fertilization since they thrive in poorer soils compared to other garden plants. They benefit from light feeding with a balanced organic fertilizer every few weeks during their growing season. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers as they can promote lush foliage at the expense of flowers.
One of the advantages of growing nasturtium is their natural pest-repelling properties. They attract beneficial insects while deterring pests like aphids and whiteflies.
Aphids: These small insects can be controlled with insecticidal soap or by introducing ladybugs into your garden.
Slugs and Snails: These mollusks may feast on young leaves; setting out traps or using natural deterrents like diatomaceous earth can help manage them.
While generally robust, nasturtiums can be susceptible to fungal diseases if conditions are too humid or wet. Ensure good air circulation around plants by spacing them properly and keeping foliage dry when watering.
Nasturtium flowers have a peppery flavor similar to arugula and make excellent additions to salads or as garnishes for various dishes. The leaves are also edible and can be used similarly.
If you allow some flowers to mature into seed pods, you can collect these seeds for planting next season or prepare capers by soaking them in vinegar.
Nasturtiums are great companions for many garden plants due to their pest-repelling properties. They work particularly well when planted near:
By adding nasturtiums alongside these vegetables, you’ll not only enhance biodiversity but may also improve yields.
During hot summer months, ensure that your nasturtiums receive adequate water and consider mulching around the base of plants to retain moisture and reduce weed competition.
As temperatures begin to cool down in late fall, nasturtiums will naturally die back with frost exposure. You can choose to leave seed pods on plants for harvesting later or cut them back completely.
In mild winter climates, nasturtiums may reseed themselves if left alone during fall. In colder areas where freezing temperatures occur regularly, it’s best to remove all remnants of the plant to prepare your garden bed for winter dormancy.
Growing nasturtium in California is an enjoyable experience that offers both aesthetic beauty and culinary delight. With minimal care requirements and beneficial properties for surrounding plants, these colorful blooms are an excellent addition to any garden space. By understanding their needs regarding soil, water, sunlight, and care throughout the seasons, gardeners can enjoy lush displays of nasturtiums annually while reaping their many benefits. So grab your seeds and get started—you’ll soon relish the joy of growing this delightful flower!