How to Grow Nasturtium in Florida

Nasturtiums, with their vibrant blooms and peppery leaves, are a delightful addition to any garden. Known for their ornamental beauty and culinary uses, these versatile plants thrive in various conditions. For gardeners in Florida, understanding how to cultivate nasturtiums can lead to a successful and enjoyable gardening experience. This article explores the best practices for growing nasturtiums in Florida, including planting, care, and pest management.

Understanding Nasturtiums

Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) are annual flowering plants belonging to the family Tropaeolaceae. They are native to South America and have become popular worldwide due to their easy cultivation and low maintenance. The plants produce round or shield-shaped leaves and vibrant flowers that can be orange, red, yellow, or cream.

Nasturtiums are not only aesthetically pleasing; they are also edible. The leaves and flowers have a peppery flavor reminiscent of arugula and can be used in salads, as garnishes, or even in pesto. Additionally, these plants act as companion plants in gardens, attracting beneficial insects while deterring harmful pests.

Ideal Growing Conditions

Growing nasturtium in Florida requires attention to climate preferences and soil conditions. Here are essential factors to consider:

Climate

Florida’s subtropical climate is generally favorable for nasturtiums. However, since these plants are sensitive to extreme heat and humidity, proper timing is critical:

• Planting Season: In Florida, it’s best to plant nasturtium seeds between late winter and early spring or in the fall when temperatures are milder.
• Temperature: Nasturtiums prefer temperatures between 60°F and 75°F. In hotter areas of Florida, consider planting them in partial shade during the hottest part of the day.

Soil Requirements

Nasturtiums thrive in well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Here’s how to prepare the ideal soil:

• Soil Type: Ideally, use loamy or sandy soil with good drainage capabilities.
• pH Levels: Aim for a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. Conduct a soil test if unsure about your soil’s pH.
• Organic Matter: Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into your soil before planting to enhance fertility.

Planting Nasturtium Seeds

Planting nasturtium seeds correctly sets the stage for successful growth. Follow these steps:

Choosing Seeds

Select high-quality seeds from reputable sources. Look for varieties suited for your region; common varieties include:

• Alaska Varieties: Compact plants featuring variegated leaves.
• Tall Climbing Varieties: Excellent for trellises or fences.
• Dwarf Varieties: Perfect for container gardening.

Direct Sowing

Direct sowing is the most common method of planting nasturtiums:

1. Prepare the Garden Bed: Clear debris and weeds from your chosen location.
2. Sow Seeds: Plant seeds about 1/2 inch deep and spaced approximately 10–12 inches apart for larger varieties (5–6 inches for dwarf varieties).
3. Watering: Water gently after planting to ensure seeds begin germination.

Transplanting Seedlings

If starting indoors or using seedlings from a nursery:

1. Timing: Start seeds indoors about 4–6 weeks before the last expected frost date.
2. Transplanting: Harden off seedlings by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions for about a week before transplanting them into the garden.

Caring for Nasturtiums

Once planted, proper care ensures healthy growth of your nasturtium plants:

Watering

Nasturtiums prefer moderate watering:

• Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy.
• Water at the base of the plant to avoid fungal diseases on leaves.

Fertilizing

Over-fertilization can lead to lush foliage with fewer flowers:

• Use a balanced fertilizer sparingly during planting.
• If your soil is rich in organic matter, additional fertilization may not be necessary.

Pruning and Pinching Back

Regular maintenance encourages bushier growth:

• Pinch back tips of young plants when they reach 6 inches tall.
• Remove dead flowers (deadheading) regularly to promote further blooming.

Pest and Disease Management

Although nasturtiums are relatively pest-resistant, they can attract certain insects and diseases:

Common Pests

1. Aphids: These tiny insects can cluster on leaves. Spray with water or insecticidal soap if infestations occur.
2. Cabbage Looper: This caterpillar feeds on leaves; handpick them off or use bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) as an organic control method.

Diseases

Fungal diseases can occur, particularly in humid conditions:

• Downy Mildew: Prevent this by ensuring adequate air circulation around plants; avoid overhead watering.
• Powdery Mildew: Ensure good spacing between plants and remove infected foliage promptly.

Harvesting Nasturtium

Nasturtiums can be harvested throughout their growing season:

Leaves and Flowers

• Leaves: Harvest young leaves for salads when they are fresh and tender.
• Flowers: Pick flowers when fully open for culinary use; they make stunning garnishes on dishes.

Seed Pods

If you want to save seeds for next season or use them as a caper substitute:

1. Allow seed pods to mature on the plant until dry.
2. Harvest when brown and brittle; store in a cool, dry place until ready to plant again.

Conclusion

Growing nasturtiums in Florida can be a rewarding endeavor that enhances both your garden’s aesthetics and culinary offerings. By understanding their growing conditions—such as climate preferences, soil requirements, watering needs, and pest management—you can cultivate healthy nasturtium plants that bloom vibrantly throughout their growing season.

With their easy maintenance and edible benefits, nasturtiums offer beauty and functionality that will make your garden flourish while adding zest to your meals! Enjoy experimenting with different varieties and incorporating these delightful plants into your landscape today!