Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) are vibrant and versatile plants that are perfect for gardens in Missouri. Known for their stunning flowers and edible leaves, they not only add beauty to your garden but also attract beneficial insects and repel pests. Growing nasturtiums is relatively easy, making them a favorite among both novice and experienced gardeners. In this article, we will discuss how to grow nasturtiums in Missouri, covering everything from soil preparation to pest control.
Before diving into the specifics of growing nasturtiums, it’s important to understand the plant itself. Nasturtiums are annual flowering plants known for their bright orange, red, and yellow flowers. The leaves are round and have a slightly peppery taste, making them a popular addition to salads and garnishes. They thrive in full sun or partial shade and can be grown in various types of soil.
There are several varieties of nasturtium, each with its unique characteristics. The two main types are:
Trailing Nasturtium: This variety spreads out and can be used as ground cover or allowed to cascade over walls or containers. It’s excellent for hanging baskets or window boxes.
Dwarf Nasturtium: This variety is more compact and works well for borders or small garden spaces. They tend to have larger flowers compared to the trailing varieties.
When selecting nasturtium seeds, consider your gardening space and whether you want trailing or bushy growth. Many local garden centers in Missouri offer a range of varieties that can fit any garden design.
Nasturtiums thrive in well-drained, moderately fertile soil. While they can tolerate poor soil conditions, overly rich soil can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers. Here’s how to prepare the soil:
Location: Choose a sunny spot in your garden where nasturtiums will receive at least 6 hours of sunlight daily.
Soil Testing: Conduct a soil test to assess nutrient levels and pH balance. Ideally, nasturtiums prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0).
Amendments: If necessary, amend the soil with compost or organic matter to improve drainage while avoiding excessive fertilizers.
Tilling: Loosen the top 12 inches of soil using a shovel or garden fork to enhance aeration.
The best time to plant nasturtium seeds in Missouri is after the last frost date, typically between mid-April and early May when the soil temperature has warmed up sufficiently. Here’s how to plant:
Direct Sowing: Nasturtiums are best sown directly into the garden rather than started indoors due to their sensitive roots.
Seed Depth: Plant seeds about ½ inch deep and space them approximately 10-12 inches apart for bushy varieties and 12-18 inches apart for trailing types.
Watering: After planting, water the area gently but thoroughly to ensure good seed-to-soil contact.
Mulching: Applying a layer of mulch can help retain moisture and suppress weeds as the seeds germinate.
Once your nasturtium seeds germinate—usually within 7-14 days—they will require consistent moisture. However, it’s crucial not to overwater; nasturtiums prefer slightly dry conditions over soggy roots. Here are some tips for watering:
Nasturtiums thrive in full sun but tolerating partial shade is possible; however, plants grown in shady spots may produce fewer blooms. In Missouri’s summer heat, providing some afternoon shade can help keep your nasturtiums healthy without compromising flower production.
As mentioned earlier, nasturtiums do not require rich soil or heavy fertilization. In fact, over-fertilization may lead to lush foliage with fewer blooms. If your soil is particularly poor, you can apply a balanced organic fertilizer at planting time:
Regular maintenance ensures robust growth and abundant blooms:
Deadheading: To encourage more blooms, regularly remove faded flowers before they go to seed.
Pest Control: Keep an eye out for aphids and spider mites; these pests can sometimes affect nasturtiums. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
Support: For trailing varieties, provide support structures like trellises or fences if you want them to climb.
Weeding: Regularly check for weeds around your nasturtiums since they can compete for nutrients and water.
One of the best features of nasturtiums is their edibility:
Leaves: Pick young leaves when they’re still tender for salads or as a garnish.
Flowers: Harvest flowers when they’re fully open; they add color and a peppery flavor to dishes.
Seeds: Unripe seeds can be pickled and used as a substitute for capers.
Always rinse harvested parts before use and consume them fresh for optimal flavor and nutrition!
In Missouri’s climate, nasturtiums are typically grown as annuals since they cannot withstand frost. However, if you wish to keep them alive through the winter:
Growing nasturtium in Missouri is an accessible way to enhance your garden’s aesthetic appeal while providing edible benefits too! By following these guidelines on soil preparation, planting techniques, watering needs, maintenance practices, and harvesting tips, anyone can successfully cultivate these delightful plants in their own backyard.
Whether you’re creating a colorful flower bed or incorporating them into your culinary creations, nasturtiums are sure to brighten your garden—and your plate! So grab some seeds this planting season and enjoy all that these charming plants have to offer!