How to Grow Nasturtium in Tennessee

Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) are vibrant, edible flowering plants that thrive in various conditions. With their bright blossoms and unique round leaves, they are both beautiful and functional, making them a favorite among gardeners. For those in Tennessee looking to cultivate nasturtium, this article will guide you through everything you need to know about planting, caring for, and harvesting these delightful flowers.

Understanding Nasturtiums

Characteristics of Nasturtiums

Nasturtiums are known for their striking orange, yellow, and red flowers. They have a unique peppery flavor that makes them a popular addition to salads, garnishes, and even pestos. The leaves are also edible and can be used similarly in culinary applications. Moreover, nasturtiums grow well in poor soil, making them ideal for areas where other plants may struggle.

Varieties of Nasturtiums

There are two primary types of nasturtiums: trailing (or climbing) varieties and bush forms. Trailing nasturtiums can flourish as ground cover or climb up trellises and fences, while bush varieties remain compact and grow upright. Some popular varieties include:

• Jewel Mix: A blend of various colors with large blooms.
• Alaska: Known for its variegated leaves and vibrant flowers.
• Empress of India: Features dark green foliage with striking red flowers.

Ideal Growing Conditions in Tennessee

Climate Considerations

Tennessee has a humid subtropical climate that provides an excellent growing environment for nasturtiums. The state experiences warm summers and mild winters, which allows for extended growing seasons. However, it is essential to be aware of the specific regional climate within Tennessee—whether you’re in West, Middle, or East Tennessee—as this can affect planting times.

Soil Requirements

Nasturtiums prefer well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0 to 7.0). They thrive in poor soil conditions and do not require excessive fertilization; in fact, too much nitrogen can hinder flowering. If your garden soil is heavy clay or overly rich, consider amending it with sand or gravel to improve drainage.

Planting Nasturtiums

Choosing the Right Time

The best time to plant nasturtiums in Tennessee is during the spring after the last frost date. Typically, this falls between mid-April and early May depending on your specific location within the state. Nasturtiums can also be planted in the fall for a late-season crop in milder areas.

Sowing Seeds Directly

1. Prepare the Soil: Clear the planting area of weeds and debris. Loosen the soil to a depth of at least 12 inches.
2. Plant Seeds: Sow seeds directly into the soil about 1/2 inch deep. Space them approximately 10-12 inches apart if planting bush varieties or 12-18 inches apart for trailing ones.
3. Watering: Water the area thoroughly after planting but avoid waterlogging the soil. Keep the soil consistently moist until germination occurs—typically within 7-14 days.

Starting Indoors

For those wanting an earlier start to the growing season, nasturtium seeds can be started indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost date. Use biodegradable pots filled with potting mix to minimize root disturbance during transplanting:

1. Fill Pots: Use a good quality potting mix.
2. Sow Seeds: Plant seeds about half an inch deep in each pot.
3. Light and Temperature: Keep them in a warm spot with plenty of sunlight (around 70°F).
4. Transplanting: Once they have two sets of true leaves and outdoor temperatures are suitable, harden off by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions before transplanting.

Caring for Nasturtiums

Watering Needs

After germination, it’s crucial to maintain consistent moisture without overwatering. Nasturtiums are relatively drought-tolerant once established but will benefit from regular watering during dry spells. Water at the base of the plant to prevent fungal diseases on leaves.

Fertilizing

As mentioned earlier, nasturtiums thrive in nutrient-poor conditions; therefore, fertilizers should be used sparingly. If your soil is exceptionally poor, consider applying a balanced fertilizer when you first plant them, but follow up with minimal additional feeding.

Pest and Disease Management

Nasturtiums are generally pest-resistant but can attract aphids and caterpillars:

• Aphids: These small pests can be deterred using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
• Caterpillars: Handpicking or introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs can help control populations.

Common diseases include powdery mildew, particularly during humid conditions:

• Ensure adequate spacing between plants for air circulation.
• Water early in the day so foliage dries quickly.

Harvesting Nasturtiums

Nasturtium flowers and leaves can be harvested as soon as they bloom:

1. Flowers: Use scissors to cut flowers when they are fully open; this promotes more blooms.
2. Leaves: Harvest leaves at any time during the growing season; select younger leaves for a milder flavor.
3. Storage: Store freshly harvested flowers and leaves in a plastic bag in the refrigerator for up to one week.

Tips for Success

• Companion Planting: Nasturtiums act as a natural pest deterrent when planted alongside vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers.
• Mulching: Apply organic mulch around your plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
• Season Extension: If you wish to grow nasturtiums into fall or winter, cover your plants with row covers during cooler temperatures or select hardier varieties.

Conclusion

Growing nasturtiums in Tennessee offers an exciting opportunity to enhance both your garden’s aesthetics and your culinary repertoire. With minimal care requirements and numerous benefits ranging from pest management to edible delights, nasturtiums make an excellent choice for any gardener looking to add color and flavor to their landscape. By adhering to regional planting times, understanding their specific gardening needs, and practicing good care techniques, you will enjoy thriving nasturtium plants throughout the growing season!