Nasturtiums (Tropaeolum majus) are vibrant and versatile plants that not only add a splash of color to gardens but also serve culinary and medicinal purposes. With their easy-going nature, these flowers are perfect for novice gardeners in Vermont looking to brighten their space or enhance their dishes. This guide will walk you through the essentials of growing nasturtiums in Vermont, covering everything from soil preparation to harvesting.
Before diving into the growing process, it’s important to understand what nasturtiums are. Originally native to South America, nasturtiums are known for their bright orange, yellow, and red flowers, which bloom from late spring until frost. They are annual plants that thrive in a variety of conditions. Their leaves and flowers are edible, often used in salads or as garnishes.
Nasturtiums come in two primary types: trailing and bush varieties. Trailing nasturtiums (also known as climbing nasturtiums) spread outwards, making them ideal for hanging baskets, containers, or ground cover. On the other hand, bush varieties tend to have a more compact growth habit and are popular for garden beds and borders. Some popular varieties you might consider include:
Vermont experiences a range of climates depending on the region, but nasturtiums thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-10. They prefer cooler temperatures and can tolerate light frosts, making them suitable for Vermont’s climate.
Nasturtiums love full sun but can tolerate partial shade. For optimal growth and flowering, aim to plant them where they will receive at least six hours of sunlight each day.
Nasturtiums are not particularly picky about soil but do best in well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. Heavy clay soils can lead to root rot; therefore, amending the soil with compost or well-rotted manure can enhance drainage and provide essential nutrients.
In Vermont, the last frost date usually falls between late May and early June. It’s best to wait until after this date to plant your nasturtiums outdoors. You can start seeds indoors about 4-6 weeks before the last frost if you prefer an earlier start.
Before planting nasturtium seeds, it is helpful to soak them in water for a few hours or overnight. This process helps soften the seed coat and can promote quicker germination.
You can either direct sow nasturtium seeds into the ground or transplant seedlings started indoors:
Water gently and keep moist until germination.
Transplanting:
Nasturtiums require regular watering, especially during dry spells. However, it is essential not to overwater; these plants prefer slightly dry conditions over soggy roots. Water deeply once or twice a week rather than lightly every day to encourage strong root growth.
Nasturtiums thrive in less fertile soil; excessive fertilization can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers. If your soil is particularly poor, a light application of balanced organic fertilizer at planting time should suffice.
To encourage continuous blooming throughout the season, deadhead spent flowers regularly. This practice diverts energy away from seed production and promotes further flowering instead.
While nasturtiums are relatively pest-resistant due to their strong scent and taste, they can attract aphids and caterpillars occasionally. Here are some natural pest management strategies:
Once your nasturtiums start blooming, you can begin harvesting both leaves and flowers:
Fresh nasturtium leaves and flowers should be consumed within a few days for optimal flavor and texture. Store them unwashed in a sealed container in the refrigerator crisper drawer.
Despite their robust nature, growing nasturtiums can present some challenges:
Powdery Mildew: In humid conditions, nasturtiums may develop powdery mildew on leaves. Ensure proper air circulation by spacing plants appropriately and avoid overhead watering.
Seed Production: If left unchecked, nasturtiums will go to seed as summer progresses. If you want to prolong blooming, regularly deadhead spent flowers.
Frost Damage: While they handle light frosts well, hard frosts can damage or kill them. Consider planting nasturtiums near walls or other structures that provide some protection from cold winds.
Growing nasturtium in Vermont is an enriching experience that brings beauty to your garden while enhancing your culinary creations. By understanding their specific needs including sunlight, watering practices, and proper care techniques, you can enjoy vibrant blooms throughout the growing season. With their hardiness and ease of maintenance, nasturtiums make an excellent choice for any gardener looking to add a touch of color and flavor! So grab your seeds today—your garden is waiting!