How to Grow Peas in Arkansas

Growing peas in Arkansas can be a rewarding endeavor for both novice and experienced gardeners. The climate and soil conditions in this state are well-suited for cultivating several pea varieties, including garden peas, snap peas, and snow peas. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the essential techniques and tips for growing these delightful legumes in Arkansas.

Understanding Pea Varieties

Before diving into the growing process, it’s crucial to understand the different types of peas you can grow:

• Garden Peas: Also known as shelling peas, these are harvested when the pods are swollen but before they start to dry. They are sweet and best consumed fresh.
• Snap Peas: These are eaten whole, pods and all. They have a sweet flavor and a crunchy texture, making them popular for snacking.
• Snow Peas: Similar to snap peas, but with flatter pods, snow peas are also eaten whole and are commonly used in Asian cuisine.

Choosing the right variety depends on your personal taste preferences and culinary uses.

Ideal Growing Conditions

Climate

Arkansas has a humid subtropical climate that allows for an excellent growing season for peas. The ideal temperature for growing peas ranges from 55°F to 70°F. Because they thrive in cooler weather, planting periods are typically in early spring (March to April) or late summer (August) for a fall harvest.

Soil Requirements

Peas prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.0. To ensure your soil is suitable:

• Test the Soil: Use a soil testing kit to determine pH levels and nutrient content.
• Amend the Soil: If necessary, amend your soil with compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage.

Planting Peas

Choosing the Right Location

Select a location that receives full sun for at least 6 hours per day. Ensure the area is sheltered from strong winds, which can damage young plants or cause them to lean over.

Preparing the Soil

1. Clear the Area: Remove any weeds, rocks, or debris from your planting area.
2. Tilling: Till the soil to a depth of about 12 inches to aerate it and mix in organic matter.
3. Raking: Rake the soil smooth to create an even surface.

Sowing Seeds

When planting your pea seeds:

• Timing: For spring planting, sow seeds as soon as the soil can be worked in early March. For fall planting, wait until late July to mid-August.
• Depth: Plant seeds about 1-2 inches deep.
• Spacing: Space seeds about 1 inch apart in rows that are 18-24 inches apart.

To improve germination rates, consider soaking seeds in water for a few hours before planting.

Caring for Your Pea Plants

Watering

Peas require consistent moisture, especially during germination. Water your plants regularly but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. A good rule of thumb is to provide about 1 inch of water per week.

Fertilization

While peas can fix their nitrogen needs through their root nodules, providing additional nutrients can boost growth:

• Use a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) when plants reach about 6 inches tall.
• Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, as they can encourage leaf growth at the expense of pod production.

Support Structures

As they grow, many pea varieties will need support:

• Trellising: Install trellises or cages made from bamboo stakes or wire fencing. This helps keep vines upright and improves air circulation around plants.

If you’re planting taller varieties like snap peas, installing supports at planting time is essential since roots can become disturbed if added later.

Pest Management

Pests can threaten your pea plants if left unmonitored. Here are some common pests and how to manage them:

• Aphids: These small pests suck sap from leaves. Blast them off with water or use insecticidal soap.
• Cutworms: These larvae can cut seedlings at the soil level. Use collars made from cardboard around young plants.
• Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as white spots on leaves and thrives in humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation by spacing plants properly and consider using fungicides if needed.

Harvesting Peas

Timing is key when harvesting peas:

• Garden Peas: You should harvest when pods are full but before they start turning yellow—generally within 60-70 days after planting.
• Snap Peas: Harvest when pods are plump but still tender—usually around 60 days after sowing.
• Snow Peas: These should be harvested when the pods are flat but still glossy—about 60 days after planting.

Use scissors or garden shears to avoid damaging plant stems while harvesting.

Tips for Successful Pea Gardening in Arkansas

1. Crop Rotation: Rotate your pea crops each year to prevent disease buildup in the soil.
2. Companion Planting: Consider growing peas alongside carrots, radishes, or cucumbers for mutual benefits.
3. Continuous Planting: For a longer harvest season, plant new seeds every couple of weeks until late spring or early summer.
4. Mulching: Apply organic mulch around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds without hindering airflow.

Conclusion

Growing peas in Arkansas is not only feasible but also enjoyable and rewarding. With proper planning, care, and attention to detail—from selecting the right variety and preparing the soil to management techniques—you’ll be able to enjoy fresh peas straight from your garden throughout the growing season. So prepare your garden beds this spring or late summer and look forward to delicious homegrown produce! Happy gardening!