How to Grow Perilla (Shiso) in California

Perilla, commonly known as shiso, is a vibrant herb widely used in Asian cuisine, especially in Japan and Korea. Its unique flavor profile, which combines hints of mint, basil, and anise, has made it increasingly popular among culinary enthusiasts and home gardeners alike. If you’re looking to grow shiso in California, you’re in luck! This guide will walk you through the essentials of cultivating this flavorful herb in your garden.

Understanding Perilla (Shiso)

Scientific Classification:
– Family: Lamiaceae
– Genus: Perilla
– Species: Perilla frutescens

Perilla is a hardy annual plant that thrives in warm climates and can grow up to three feet tall. There are two primary varieties: green shiso (often used for sushi) and red shiso (commonly used for pickling). Both varieties can be easily grown from seeds or cuttings.

Ideal Climate and Soil Conditions

Climate

California’s diverse climate makes it an excellent location for growing perilla. The herb flourishes in USDA hardiness zones 9 to 11. It prefers warm weather and can be planted when temperatures consistently remain above 60°F. Ideally, shiso should be planted in the early spring or late summer for a fall harvest.

Soil Requirements

Perilla grows best in well-draining soil rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH should be between 6.0 and 7.0. Consider amending your garden soil with compost or well-rotted manure to enhance fertility and drainage.

Choosing the Right Variety

There are several varieties of perilla available, each with its unique flavor and appearance:

• Green Shiso: This is the most common variety used in Japanese dishes such as sushi rolls and salads.
• Red Shiso: Often used for making pickles or as a garnish, this variety has a slightly more robust flavor compared to its green counterpart.
• Bitter Shiso: A less common type with a stronger flavor, ideal for those who enjoy bold tastes.

When selecting seeds, choose a reputable source to ensure seed viability and quality.

Starting Shiso Seeds Indoors

Starting shiso from seeds indoors allows for an earlier harvest. Here’s how to do it:

1. Timing: Start seeds about 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date.
2. Containers: Use seed trays or small pots filled with seed-starting mix.
3. Sowing: Sow seeds about ¼ inch deep and cover lightly with soil.
4. Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy.
5. Light: Place the trays under grow lights or in a sunny window where they can receive at least 12 hours of light daily.

Once seedlings reach about 3 inches tall and have developed several leaves, they can be transplanted outdoors.

Transplanting Outdoors

After all danger of frost has passed, it’s time to transplant your shiso seedlings outdoors:

1. Choose a Location: Select a site that receives full sun for at least 6 hours a day but also provides some afternoon shade—especially important in hotter regions of California.
2. Spacing: Space your plants about 12-18 inches apart to allow for their bushy growth habit.
3. Preparation: Dig holes slightly larger than the root ball of each seedling, then gently remove seedlings from their pots and place them into the holes.
4. Watering: Water thoroughly after planting to help settle the soil around the roots.

Direct Sowing Outdoors

If you prefer direct sowing:

1. Wait until the danger of frost has passed.
2. Sow seeds directly into prepared garden beds about ¼ inch deep.
3. Thin seedlings after they sprout, allowing space for mature plants to grow.

Care and Maintenance

Once established, shiso plants require care similar to other herbs:

Watering

Shiso prefers consistently moist soil but does not tolerate waterlogged conditions. Water regularly during dry spells, especially during hot summer months. A layer of mulch around the plants can help retain moisture.

Fertilization

Incorporate a balanced organic fertilizer during planting. Afterward, feeding once every month with a diluted liquid fertilizer can support healthy growth throughout the growing season.

Pruning

Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and prevents flowering too early. Pinch back any flower buds as soon as they appear; while the flowers are edible, they can alter the taste of the leaves.

Pests and Diseases

Shiso is relatively pest-resistant but may encounter some common garden pests:

• Aphids: These small insects can sap the plant’s strength; if detected early, you can rinse them away with water or use insecticidal soap.
• Spider Mites: Monitor for webbing on leaves; increase humidity around your plants to deter them.
• Fungal Diseases: Ensure proper spacing for air circulation to prevent fungal infections like powdery mildew.

If you notice any signs of disease or pests spreading, it’s best to act quickly by removing affected leaves or treating them with organic pest control solutions.

Harvesting Perilla (Shiso)

Shiso leaves are typically ready for harvest about 40-60 days after sowing. Here’s how to ensure optimal flavor:

1. Harvest leaves when they’re young—aim for leaves that are still tender.
2. Use scissors or pruning shears to cut leaves just above a leaf node; this encourages further growth.
3. For continuous harvesting throughout the season, avoid removing more than one-third of the plant at a time.

Uses for Perilla (Shiso)

Shiso’s culinary versatility makes it an exciting addition to various dishes:

• Fresh Salads: Add fresh leaves to salads for a unique flavor boost.
• Sushi Rolls: Essential in many sushi recipes as a fragrant garnish.
• Herbal Teas: Steep dried leaves in hot water for fragrant herbal tea.
• Pickling: Red shiso works wonderfully for making pickled vegetables due to its vibrant color and distinct taste.

Conclusion

Growing perilla (shiso) in California offers not only culinary benefits but also contributes visual appeal to your garden with its lush foliage colors. With proper care regarding soil conditions, watering practices, pest management, and harvesting techniques, you’ll have an abundant supply of this aromatic herb at your fingertips.

Whether you’re new to gardening or an experienced horticulturist seeking something unique—perilla could be your next successful endeavor! Happy gardening!