Pineapple guava, also known as Feijoa, is a unique and tantalizing fruit that holds a special place in many gardens across the United States. Despite its exotic name and roots in South America, certain hardy varieties of pineapple guava can flourish even in the colder climates of Minnesota. This article will guide you through the process of growing pineapple guava in Minnesota, covering everything from selecting the right variety to care and maintenance.
The pineapple guava (Feijoa sellowiana) is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to the highlands of South America. It produces sweet, aromatic fruits that resemble a cross between pineapple and guava in flavor, hence its name. The plant not only yields delicious fruits; it also has beautiful foliage and flowers, making it an excellent addition to any garden.
When selecting pineapple guava varieties for growth in Minnesota, it’s crucial to choose those that can withstand colder temperatures. Some hardy varieties include:
Coolidge: This variety is known for its cold hardiness and prolific fruit production. It can handle temperatures down to 10°F (-12°C).
Mammoth: A larger variety known for its big fruit and dense foliage. It is also resistant to cold temperatures, making it suitable for Minnesota gardens.
Pineapple Guava (Standard): While this is the traditional variety, be sure to select a specimen from a reputable nursery that has acclimated plants for colder zones.
One of the most critical factors in successfully growing pineapple guava in Minnesota is location. The plant thrives best in areas that receive full sun, so look for spots where it will get at least 6 hours of sunlight per day.
Pineapple guavas prefer well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (between 6.0 and 7.0). To prepare your soil:
Amend with Organic Matter: Incorporate compost or aged manure into the soil to improve its drainage capabilities and nutrient content.
Test Soil pH: Use a soil testing kit to check the pH level and adjust accordingly with sulfur or lime if necessary.
Mulch: Applying a layer of mulch can help retain moisture and suppress weeds while gradually enriching the soil as it breaks down.
Once you’ve prepared the site, it’s time to plant your pineapple guava. Here are the steps you should follow:
The best time to plant pineapple guava in Minnesota is during the spring after all chances of frost have passed. This timing allows the plant to establish before winter arrives.
Ensure proper spacing between plants; they should be planted at least 4 to 6 feet apart to allow adequate air circulation and room for growth.
Dig the Hole: Make a hole that is twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper than the root ball itself.
Place the Plant: Gently remove the plant from its container and place it into the hole without damaging the roots.
Backfill with Soil: Fill around the roots with soil, packing it gently to remove air pockets.
Water Generously: After planting, water thoroughly to help settle the soil around the roots.
Pineapple guavas are somewhat drought-tolerant but will perform best with adequate moisture during their growing season.
Fertilize your pineapple guava plant during spring and summer using an organic fertilizer or one specifically formulated for fruiting plants. Follow label instructions for application rates, but generally, a balanced fertilizer with higher potassium levels will promote healthy fruit development.
Pruning is essential for maintaining healthy growth and encouraging fruit production.
The best time for pruning is late winter or early spring when the plant is still dormant but just before new growth begins.
Remove Dead or Damaged Branches: Start by cutting away any dead wood or branches that show signs of disease.
Shape the Plant: Lightly prune to maintain a desirable shape, focusing on creating an open center that allows sunlight penetration.
Encourage New Growth: Cut back old stems that have not produced fruit in recent years; this encourages new growth that will yield fruit.
Minnesota winters can be harsh; thus, it’s crucial to take steps to protect your pineapple guava during colder months:
Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of your plants before winter sets in. This helps insulate roots against freezing temperatures.
For younger trees or particularly vulnerable specimens, consider wrapping them with burlap or using frost cloths during extreme cold spells.
If you’re concerned about winter hardiness, consider growing your pineapple guava in containers so you can move them indoors during harsh winters.
Pineapple guavas are relatively pest-resistant but still susceptible to specific challenges.
Scale Insects: These tiny insects can sap nutrients from your plant. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Aphids: Another common pest that can be managed similarly through organic treatments.
Root Rot: Caused by overwatering; ensure proper drainage.
Powdery Mildew: Can affect foliage; improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
Pineapple guavas typically bear fruit within 3-4 years after planting under ideal conditions. The fruits are usually ready for harvest in late fall when they drop naturally from the tree or when they turn slightly soft.
Growing pineapple guava in Minnesota may seem like a daunting task given its tropical origins, but choosing hardy varieties and following proper care techniques can lead you to success. With ample sunlight, good soil management, and diligent care—including watering, fertilizing, pruning, and winterizing—you can enjoy this unique fruit right from your backyard garden. Whether you’re growing it for culinary delights or ornamental purposes, pineapple guava is a rewarding addition to any northern garden landscape.