Growing plums in Arkansas can be a rewarding endeavor, especially for those who appreciate the sweet and juicy fruit. The state’s varied climate, fertile soils, and abundant rainfall create an ideal environment for plum cultivation. This article will guide you through the essential steps of growing plums in Arkansas, from selecting the right varieties to tending to your trees for optimal health and productivity.
When it comes to growing plums in Arkansas, selecting the appropriate varieties is crucial. There are two main types of plums: European and Japanese.
European plums (Prunus domestica) are typically more cold-hardy and can withstand the cooler temperatures experienced in some parts of Arkansas. Varieties such as ‘Stanley,’ ‘Damson,’ and ‘Burbank’ are popular choices, known for their excellent flavor and processing qualities.
Japanese plums (Prunus salicina) tend to be sweeter and juicier but are less tolerant of cold temperatures. Varieties like ‘Satsuma,’ ‘Methley,’ and ‘Santa Rosa’ thrive in warmer areas of Arkansas. Keep in mind that some Japanese plum trees require cross-pollination, so it’s advisable to plant at least two different varieties to ensure better fruit set.
Choosing the right location for planting plum trees is essential for their growth and production. Here are several factors to consider:
Plum trees require full sunlight, ideally at least 6-8 hours per day, for healthy growth and fruit production. Choose a site that receives ample sunlight throughout the day.
Plums prefer well-drained sandy or loamy soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.0. Before planting, perform a soil test to determine its pH and nutrient levels. Amendments such as lime can be added to raise pH levels if needed.
Good drainage is critical as plum trees are susceptible to root rot if planted in poorly drained soils. If your soil retains water, consider planting your trees on mounds or raised beds to improve drainage.
Once you have chosen the right varieties and site, it’s time to plant your plum trees.
The best time to plant plum trees in Arkansas is during the early spring or late fall when the trees are dormant. Planting during this time reduces stress on the tree and increases survival rates.
Digging the Hole: Prepare a hole that is twice as wide and deep as the root ball of your tree.
Soil Preparation: Mix native soil with organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to enrich it.
Setting the Tree: Place the tree in the hole so that the graft union (swelling on the trunk where the tree variety was grafted onto rootstock) is above ground level.
Backfilling: Fill in the hole with soil, making sure there are no air pockets around the roots.
Watering: Water generously after planting to help settle the soil around the roots.
Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of the tree to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Proper watering is vital for the establishment and growth of plum trees. During their first year, young trees should be watered deeply once a week unless there is significant rainfall. After establishing, plum trees generally require about one inch of water per week during dry spells.
Fertilizing plum trees properly will promote healthy growth and fruit production.
Fertilization should begin in early spring as new growth starts but avoid fertilizing just before harvest time.
A balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (such as a 10-10-10 formulation) is often recommended. Follow package instructions for application rates based on tree age and size.
For those preferring organic methods, compost or well-rotted manure can be effective alternatives that also improve soil structure over time.
Pruning is essential for maintaining tree health, improving air circulation, and enhancing fruit quality.
Perform pruning during late winter or early spring while trees are still dormant but before new growth begins.
Remove Dead or Diseased Wood: Start by cutting out any dead or diseased branches.
Thin Out Crowded Areas: Remove branches that cross each other or grow towards the center of the tree.
Shape Your Tree: Aim for an open center structure that allows sunlight penetration into all parts of the tree.
Manage Height: Trim back excessively tall branches to encourage lateral growth.
Like all fruit trees, plums are susceptible to various pests and diseases common in Arkansas.
Aphids: These small insects can weaken plants by sucking sap; they can be controlled with insecticidal soap.
Plum Curculio: This pest can cause damage by feeding on young fruits; traps baited with pheromones can help control populations.
Spider Mites: Look for webs or stippling on leaves; they thrive in dry conditions so regular watering helps control them.
Brown Rot: A fungal disease affecting blossoms and fruit; manage through proper pruning and sanitation practices.
Powdery Mildew: A common fungal issue characterized by white fungal growth on leaves; good air circulation helps prevent this disease.
Plum harvesting typically occurs in late summer to early fall depending on variety maturity.
Harvest your plums when they change color from green to their specific shade (yellow, red, etc.) and begin to soften slightly when gently squeezed.
Carefully twist or cut plums from branches rather than pulling them off; this prevents damage both to the fruit and tree.
Growing plums in Arkansas offers both enjoyment and satisfaction as you cultivate these delicious fruits in your backyard. By selecting suitable varieties, ensuring proper planting techniques, providing attentive care through watering, fertilization, pruning, pest management, and finally harvesting at just the right moment—anyone can successfully grow a fruitful plum orchard in Arkansas! With patience and commitment, you’ll not only have fresh plums at your fingertips but also contribute positively towards sustainable gardening practices while enjoying nature’s bounty year after year.