Rhubarb is a perennial vegetable that thrives in the cold climate of Minnesota, making it a popular choice for home gardeners. With its tart flavor and vibrant stalks, rhubarb can be used in an array of dishes, from pies to jams. If you’re interested in growing this hardy plant, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the process, ensuring that you enjoy a bountiful harvest.
Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) belongs to the Polygonaceae family and is often classified as a fruit because of its culinary uses. It is known for its large leaves and long, thick stalks that can range in color from green to deep red. While the leaves contain oxalic acid and are toxic if consumed, the stalks are safe and delicious after proper cooking.
Rhubarb flourishes in cooler climates, making Minnesota an ideal state for cultivation. Here are some key factors to consider when planning to grow rhubarb:
Climate: Rhubarb requires a cold winter dormancy period for optimal growth. Minnesota’s cold winters are beneficial for the plant.
Soil Type: Well-drained, loamy soil rich in organic matter is ideal. Rhubarb prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 6.0 to 7.0).
Sunlight: Full sun is preferred; however, rhubarb can tolerate partial shade. Aim for at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day.
Choosing the right location in your garden is crucial for healthy rhubarb plants. Select an area that meets the sunlight and soil requirements mentioned above. Additionally, consider the following:
Drainage: Avoid areas where water tends to pool after heavy rain.
Space: Rhubarb plants need room to grow—spacing them about 3 feet apart will allow enough air circulation and prevent overcrowding.
Protection from Wind: If possible, locate your rhubarb patch near a natural windbreak or fence to protect them from harsh Minnesota winds.
You can start your rhubarb garden using seeds or crowns. However, crowns (the root sections of established plants) are recommended for new gardeners because they require less time and effort to establish.
When purchasing crowns, look for healthy specimens with firm roots and at least one bud or “eye.” Local garden centers or online nurseries specializing in vegetable plants often have quality options.
In Minnesota, the best time to plant rhubarb is in early spring as soon as the soil can be worked—usually around late March to early April. You can also plant crowns in the fall (late August to September), but spring planting is generally more successful due to warmer soil temperatures.
Prepare the Soil: Amend your soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting. This increases fertility and improves drainage.
Dig Holes: Create holes about 2 feet apart and 6 inches deep.
Plant the Crowns: Position each crown in the hole with the buds facing upward and cover with soil. Water thoroughly after planting.
Mulch: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the plants to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Once planted, caring for your rhubarb involves regular maintenance practices that will encourage healthy growth.
Rhubarb likes moist soil but can suffer from rot if overwatered. During dry spells, ensure your plants receive at least an inch of water per week. Early morning watering is best to allow foliage to dry quickly.
Fertilize rhubarb in early spring before new growth begins. A balanced fertilizer or organic options such as compost tea or fish emulsion will promote vigorous growth.
Regularly check your rhubarb patch for weeds as they compete for nutrients and water. Hand-pulling or using mulch can effectively manage weeds without harming your plants.
While rhubarb is relatively pest-resistant, keep an eye out for common threats such as aphids and slugs. Organic insecticides or handpicking can control these pests effectively.
Diseases like crown rot may occur if soil drainage is poor; ensure your planting site has good drainage to prevent this issue.
After about 4-5 years of growth, your rhubarb plants may become crowded and yield smaller stalks. To rejuvenate them, divide the crowns:
Dig Up Crowns: Use a spade to lift the entire crown from the ground.
Divide: Cut through the roots with sharp garden shears, ensuring each division has at least one bud.
Replant: Replant divisions immediately or store them temporarily in moist sawdust until you’re ready.
The first harvest should occur only after two years of growth when plants have matured enough to handle it without stress. Here’s what you need to know about harvesting:
Harvesting typically occurs from late spring through early summer (May to June). The best time to pick rhubarb is when stalks are at least 12 inches tall.
Choose Stalks: Select thick stalks for harvest; thin ones should be left on the plant.
Cut or Twist: Use a sharp knife or twist gently to remove stalks from their base—avoid pulling them as this can harm the plant.
Leave Some Stalks: Always leave some stalks on the plant so it can continue growing throughout the season.
After harvesting, be sure to provide additional care by continuing your watering and fertilizing routines while allowing some time for rest before starting again next season.
Before using freshly harvested rhubarb, clean it thoroughly under running water and trim any leaves or damaged sections away—remember that leaves should never be consumed due to toxicity!
Rhubarb can be used raw in salads or cooked down into sauces, pies, jams, or desserts—a delightful addition that brings out its tart flavor!
Growing rhubarb in Minnesota offers ample rewards with its resilience and versatility in culinary applications. By understanding its requirements—from planting through harvesting—you’ll be well-equipped to cultivate this fascinating vegetable successfully. With proper care and patience, you’ll enjoy lush stalks full of flavor ready for your favorite recipes!