Tart cherries, particularly the Montmorency variety, are a beloved fruit known for their vibrant flavor and numerous health benefits. Growing these cherries in Alaska may seem challenging due to the state’s harsh climate and shorter growing season, but with the right techniques, it is entirely possible. This guide will provide you with essential information on how to successfully cultivate tart cherries in Alaska.
Alaska’s climate can be very different from the conditions in which tart cherries thrive. The state experiences long winters, short growing seasons, and varying daylight hours throughout the year. However, Montmorency cherries are adaptable and can withstand colder temperatures than other cherry varieties.
Montmorency cherries can endure temperatures as low as -20°F (-29°C) during dormancy. However, they require a certain number of chilling hours (typically between 1,000 to 1,200 hours at temperatures between 32°F and 45°F) to produce fruit effectively. In Alaska, it’s crucial to select a location that offers enough chilling hours, especially in areas with milder winter temperatures.
Tart cherries are best suited for USDA hardiness zones 4-7. Much of Alaska falls into zones 2-4; therefore, gardeners in these regions should be cautious when selecting cherry varieties. However, certain hybrids and rootstocks can help create more resilient plants suitable for harsher climates.
When considering tart cherry cultivation in Alaska, it’s essential to select varieties known for their hardiness. The Montmorency tart cherry is a popular choice; however, there are other varieties worth considering:
Choosing the right variety will significantly increase your chances of success.
The location of your cherry trees is critical for their growth and productivity. Here are some factors to consider when selecting a site:
Tart cherries thrive in full sunlight, requiring at least six to eight hours of direct sun exposure each day. Look for a south-facing slope or an area with minimal shade from buildings or large trees.
Good drainage is essential for cherry trees to prevent root rot. Choose a site with well-drained soil or consider building raised beds if your soil retains too much moisture.
Alaska can experience strong winds that may damage tender blossoms and young fruits. Planting near natural windbreaks or erecting wind barriers can protect your trees during critical growth stages.
Healthy soil is vital for thriving tart cherry trees. Here’s how to prepare your soil:
Before planting, conduct a soil test to determine pH levels and nutrient content. Tart cherries prefer slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
Based on your soil test results, you may need to amend your soil. Common amendments include:
Loosen the soil by tilling to a depth of at least 12 inches before planting. This process helps aerate the soil and incorporates organic matter.
Once your site is prepared, it’s time to plant your tart cherry trees.
In Alaska, late spring (after the last frost) is typically the best time for planting young cherry trees. This timing allows the trees to establish roots before the colder months arrive.
Digging Holes: Dig holes that are twice as wide as the tree’s root ball and about deep enough to accommodate the roots without bending them.
Spacing: Space trees about 15-20 feet apart in rows that are at least 20-25 feet apart to allow for adequate air circulation.
Planting Depth: Place the tree in the hole so that the graft union (swelling where the rootstock meets the scion) is at ground level.
Backfilling: Fill the hole with native soil mixed with compost without packing it down too tightly.
Watering: Water thoroughly after planting to remove air pockets around the roots.
After planting, tart cherry trees require consistent care throughout their growth cycle.
Cherry trees need regular watering, especially during dry spells or when young. Aim for deep watering once a week rather than shallow watering frequently; this encourages deeper root growth.
Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of each tree (keeping it several inches away from the trunk) to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
In early spring before buds break, apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10 or similar) according to package instructions based on soil test recommendations. Avoid over-fertilizing since excessive nitrogen can lead to poor fruit production.
Prune your cherry trees during late winter or early spring while they are still dormant:
While tart cherries are generally resilient, they can still fall prey to several pests and diseases common in Alaska:
Once your Montmorency cherries begin bearing fruit—usually within 3-5 years—you’ll want to harvest them at just the right moment for optimal flavor and quality:
Growing tart cherries like Montmorency in Alaska requires careful planning and attention but is entirely feasible with proper knowledge and techniques in place. By understanding local climate conditions, selecting appropriate varieties, preparing your site adequately, providing consistent care throughout growth cycles, managing pests effectively—and finally getting rewarded with delicious fruit—Alaskan gardeners can enjoy home-grown tart cherries even in challenging environments!