How to Grow Watermelons in Tennessee

Growing watermelons can be a rewarding experience for gardeners in Tennessee, where the warm climate and ample sunshine create ideal conditions for this sweet, refreshing fruit. This guide will walk you through the essential steps for successfully growing watermelons in the Volunteer State, from selecting the right varieties to harvesting your juicy rewards.

Understanding Watermelon Varieties

Before you start planting, it’s important to know that there are numerous watermelon varieties, each with unique characteristics. In Tennessee, consider these popular types:

• Crimson Sweet: This classic variety is known for its bright red flesh and striped green rind. It has excellent disease resistance and is well-suited for Tennessee’s climate.

• Sugar Baby: A smaller, personal-sized watermelon that is perfect for urban gardens. It matures quickly and has sweet, dark red flesh.

• Moon and Stars: This heirloom variety features unique yellow spots (the “stars”) on its dark green rind. It has a sweet flavor and is particularly resilient against pests.

Choosing the Right Location

Watermelons thrive in full sun, so select a planting site that receives at least 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Ensure your garden has well-drained soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. To prepare your soil:

1. Test Your Soil: Use a soil testing kit to determine nutrient levels and pH.
2. Amend as Needed: Based on the test results, add organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil structure and fertility.
3. Tillage: Till the soil to a depth of at least 12 inches to aerate it and enhance drainage.

When to Plant Watermelons

In Tennessee, the best time to plant watermelons is after the last frost date, typically around mid-April to early May. Watermelons require warm soil temperatures of at least 70°F (21°C) for optimal germination.

Direct Seeding vs. Transplanting

You can either sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors:

• Direct Seeding: If you choose direct seeding, plant seeds 1 inch deep in rows spaced 4–6 feet apart. Once seedlings emerge, thin them out to leave one plant every 24–36 inches.

• Transplanting: If starting seeds indoors (about 3-4 weeks before the last frost), transplant them outside when they have at least two true leaves.

Watering and Fertilizing

Watermelons need consistent moisture to grow properly, especially during flowering and fruit development stages.

Watering

1. Frequency: Water deeply once a week. During hot spells or dry periods, you may need to increase watering frequency.
2. Method: Drip irrigation is ideal as it delivers water directly to the roots and minimizes disease risk by keeping foliage dry.
3. Mulching: Apply organic mulch around plants to retain moisture, reduce weeds, and maintain a stable soil temperature.

Fertilization

To promote healthy growth:

1. Use a balanced fertilizer during planting (10-10-10 NPK).
2. Fertilize again when seedlings are about 12 inches tall using a high-potassium fertilizer (e.g., 5-10-10) to encourage fruit development.
3. Always follow package instructions regarding application rates.

Pest and Disease Management

Watermelons are susceptible to several pests and diseases common in Tennessee:

Common Pests

• Cucumber Beetles: These can damage leaves and introduce bacterial wilt.

• Aphids: They suck sap from plants and can transmit viruses.

Control Measures:

• Utilize row covers during early growth stages.
• Introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs to control aphid populations.

Common Diseases

• Powdery Mildew: A fungal disease that appears as white spots on leaves.

• Fusarium Wilt: A soil-borne fungal disease that causes wilting.

Control Measures:

• Practice crop rotation by not planting watermelons in the same area for three years.
• Ensure good air circulation between plants by spacing them appropriately.

Pollination Needs

Watermelon plants produce both male and female flowers; bees are essential for pollinating these flowers. To attract pollinators:

• Plant flowering herbs like borage or marigolds nearby.
• Avoid using pesticides during flowering times as they can harm beneficial insects.

Harvesting Watermelons

Knowing when to harvest your watermelons is crucial for enjoying their sweetness:

1. Color Changes: The underside of the watermelon will turn from white to a creamy yellow when ripe.
2. Tendrils Drying Up: The tendril closest to the fruit will start turning brown or drying up.
3. Sound Test: When tapped, ripe watermelons make a hollow sound.

Harvest in dry weather using a sharp knife or pruners to avoid damaging the vine.

Storing Watermelons

Once harvested, watermelons should be stored properly:

1. Keep them in a cool place (50°F – 60°F) away from direct sunlight.
2. Avoid refrigeration until you cut into them; this can alter their texture and flavor.

Conclusion

Growing watermelons in Tennessee requires preparation, attention to detail, and some knowledge about local conditions. By selecting suitable varieties, preparing your soil effectively, managing pests and diseases proactively, and harvesting at the right time, you’ll enjoy bountiful yields of this beloved summer fruit. With patience and care, you’ll soon be indulging in freshly picked watermelon slices during those warm Tennessee days! Happy gardening!